Showing papers in "International Journal of Educational Management in 2004"
350 citations
293 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the information requirements and importance of various types of information for potential students when selecting a university and identified seven broad information categories relating to university selection using data from 306 pupils studying at various schools in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Abstract: This paper aims to examine the information requirements and the importance of various types of information for potential students when selecting a university. Using data from 306 pupils studying at various schools in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland seven broad information categories relating to university selection have been identified. It also revealed that the ranking of the various types of information required and the importance of this information is relatively similar.
246 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of organizational justice is defined, and based on a review of the literature, ten principles of organisational justice are elaborated, and the elements of faculty trust are conceptualized and discussed.
Abstract: The concept of organizational justice is defined, and, based on a review of the literature, ten principles of organizational justice are elaborated. Similarly, the elements of faculty trust are conceptualized and discussed. Then, a model of organizational justice and trust is proposed and tested using path analysis. The results underscore the symbiotic relations between trust and justice. The paper concludes with a few suggestions for future research and recommendations for practice.
245 citations
242 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of a business school within a leading university in the Middle East, which has implemented a quality system and has gained accreditation by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International.
Abstract: This paper undertakes a case study of a business school within a leading university in the Middle East, which has implemented a quality system and has gained accreditation by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International. The paper reviews the development of the quality system and examines the concept of service quality in business education. The aim of this study is to address the paucity of service quality research in business education in this region. Empirical research is used to determine the factors that influence student evaluation of service quality. With data collected from 310 students, the study identifies six factors that influence students’ evaluations of service quality. Research implications of the study are then discussed.
193 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the academic is exploited in this three-way relationship, where the academic has to either conceal or manage actual feelings for the benefit of a successful service delivery, and the implication is not necessarily of equality or mutual benefit, but of satisfaction for the customer (student) and profit for the management.
Abstract: Service organizations are encouraged to consider the manner in which employees perform at the customer/front‐line employee interface, as a means to gain competitive advantage. The employee's behaviour requires “emotional labour” where the front‐line employee (academic), has to either conceal or manage actual feelings for the benefit of a successful service delivery. The implication is not necessarily of equality or mutual benefit, but of satisfaction for the customer (student) and profit for the management. The paper discusses whether the academic is being exploited in this three‐way relationship. To illustrate this argument, data gathered from in‐depth interviews at a higher education institution are used. The research is of value as an aid for the management and support of academic staff in an age of managerialism and to the notion of the student as customer.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared US and Hong Kong university business students on three areas: cheating behaviors and perceptions, relationships between academic dishonesty and gender, and prediction of academic dishonestness.
Abstract: Academic dishonesty in post‐secondary education is a widespread, insidious and global problem. Business educators hosting foreign students locally and teaching abroad more than ever need to understand the nuances and attitudes of different student populations and how these differences may manifest themselves in a course. This research contributes to the growing albeit still scanty body of literature demonstrating that significant cross‐national differences exist regarding students' attitudes, beliefs and propensities toward cheating. This study compares US and Hong Kong university business students on three areas: cheating behaviors and perceptions, relationships between academic dishonesty and gender, and prediction of academic dishonesty. A total of 443 usable surveys were collected in the USA and 622 in Hong Kong. Statistically significant differences are presented followed by discussion and implications.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined role conflict, role ambiguity, and job satisfaction among Greek physical education teachers, and the extent to which role conflict and role ambiguity predict job satisfaction.
Abstract: This study examines role conflict, role ambiguity, and job satisfaction among Greek physical education teachers, and the extent to which role conflict and role ambiguity predict job satisfaction. All members of the sample of 61 physical education teachers were employed in Greek “Sport for all” programs. The standard multiple regression analysis shows that role conflict and role ambiguity are significant predictors of job satisfaction. This paper concludes with suggestions directed to the General Secretariat of Sports in Greece with a view to redesigning the work of physical education teachers in “Sport for all” programs.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the role of students' personality in the decision to participate in study abroad programs and the implications for education in international business are discussed, focusing on Australian students' propensity to engage in these programs using both qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Abstract: The increasing trend for the globalisation of business has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the factors that influence levels of intercultural awareness within organisations Within the higher education sector, one initiative that aims to address this issue is student study abroad programs This paper reports on a study that investigates factors that influence Australian students' propensity to engage in these programs Using both qualitative and quantitative analysis, we examined the role of students' personality in the decision to participate in study abroad programs The implications for education in international business are discussed
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, students using the Web-based learning environment in various courses at eight universities in Malaysia were surveyed and five main factors influenced the effectiveness of the online learning process: students' behavior, characteristics of lecturers, interactive application, technology or system, and the institutions.
Abstract: The advance of online technology and instructional delivery such as Web‐based learning (WBL) has heralded new changes in education. Students using the WBL environment in various courses at eight universities in Malaysia were surveyed. Results showed that five main factors influence the effectiveness of the online learning process: students' behavior, characteristics of lecturers, interactive application, technology or system, and the institutions. Results indicated that students' grades are highly correlated with student perception, self‐efficacy and interactivity. The WBL learners do not outperform traditional learners. There is also a need to improve the quality of WBL due to differences in adaptation styles of learners in the process.
TL;DR: In this article, an analytic hierarchy process model is developed and presented, allowing decision makers to couple performance evaluation and academic reward/awards and recognitions offered by institutions of higher education, and provides an objective way to compare faculty members.
Abstract: This paper examines how institutions of higher education might operationalize faculty performance evaluation in terms of research, teaching, and university and community service. An analytic hierarchy process model is developed and presented, allowing decision makers to couple performance evaluation and academic reward/awards and recognitions offered by institutions of higher education, and provides an objective way to compare faculty members. Weights are provided for each of the criteria in the evaluation process for a more objective outcome. Reward/award systems might include promotion decisions, merit pay, tenure, long‐term contracts, and annual reward/awards of excellence in research, teaching or service. The model might be used to make judgment on the qualification of candidates for such systems, and could be used on the department level, college level, or university‐wide level. In addition, the model could rank faculty members within each discipline or major. An illustrative example is provided of the model at the United Arab Emirates University.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors tried to capture the essence of the full-time graduate student experience using the constant comparative method, analyzes several sources of data to arrive at a grounded theoretical model of the student experience.
Abstract: Following approaches consistent with the qualitative research tradition, attempts to capture the essence of the full‐time graduate student experience. Using the constant comparative method, analyzes several sources of data to arrive at a grounded theoretical model of the graduate student experience. Findings suggest that stress is at the core of the graduate student experience and is amplified by conflicting demands and internal conflict unique to this type of student. Additionally, international graduate students appear to face some tremendous obstacles that span both their personal and professional lives. Also identified are several of the tactics and mechanisms that students adopt to reduce hardship as they proceed through their respective programs. Finally, implications for current administrative practice and future research are discussed.
TL;DR: The paper attempts to synthesise the features of the model for quality management in education based on the approaches spelt out in four well‐articulated methodologies for the practice of quality in higher education, with a prima facie validity for the synthesis of a model.
Abstract: The paper attempts to synthesise the features of the model for quality management in education based on the approaches spelt out in four well‐articulated methodologies for the practice of quality in higher education. Each methodology contributes to different views of education from the learners’ and the institution's perspectives, providing elements for the model. The thrust of the model is a “transformative” approach to bring about a fundamental change in students’ understanding. In the opinion of the authors the four approaches lend themselves to be synergistically combined to form the elements of the model, which establishes the basis for quality in education in universities. This provides a prima facie validity for the synthesis of a model. A more comprehensive specification for a model for quality could be developed based on an extensive study of educational research literature.
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of consumer confusion is explored within the higher education sector; what causes the phenomenon, how do consumers react to it and how can it be negated/minimised?
Abstract: This paper highlights the increasingly important topic of consumer confusion. Drawing parallels with experiences in the private sector, the concept of consumer confusion is explored within the higher education sector; what causes the phenomenon, how do consumers react to it and how can it be negated/minimised? The expansion and commercialisation of higher education has seen the wide‐scale adoption of marketing techniques within the sector. Such actions generate increased capacity for consumer confusion, with consumers being overwhelmed with information and potentially making sub‐optimum decisions. Given that the selection of a degree course is normally a life changing event, careful consideration needs to be given, by all parties, to whether marketing helps or hinders this process. While focusing on higher education, the issues considered are equally applicable to any public sector body adopting a more market driven approach.
TL;DR: Workarounds can be seen as both inventive solutions to pressing organizational needs and over time, and costly alternative to a robust and flexible information system as discussed by the authors, which may explain why enterprising individuals, when unable to obtain the data they need from existing information systems, compensate by creating or participating in idiosyncratic methods of data collection and management.
Abstract: In the current climate of increased accountability in higher education, many colleges and universities are considering ways to improve their collection and analysis of data and information to achieve organizational improvement. While there has been much written about the costs, difficulties, and challenges of implementing new information systems on college campuses, the costs and benefits of maintaining current systems are not well understood. Our research suggests that in a challenging information environment, enterprising individuals – when unable to obtain the data they need from existing information systems – compensate by creating, or participating in, idiosyncratic methods of data collection and management. These informal practices – called workarounds – can be seen as both inventive solutions to pressing organizational needs and over time, and costly alternative to a robust and flexible information system.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the effectiveness of applying the Learning Organization (LO) model in school contexts across different countries may be associated with cultural differences such as individualism, collectivism, power distance, and future orientation.
Abstract: It has been argued that some management theories and models may not be universal and are based on some cultural assumptions. It is argued in this paper that the effectiveness of applying the Learning Organization (LO) model in school contexts across different countries may be associated with cultural differences such as individualism, collectivism, power distance, and future orientation. The implementation of elements of the LO model such as systems thinking, managing mental models, team learning, and developing shared visions, may face some difficulties in some cultures. This paper develops some theoretical propositions for further empirical investigations.
TL;DR: In this paper, a typology of multiple theories of fostering local knowledge and human development is proposed to address the key concern in educational development particularly in the developing countries, where there are increasing international concerns with both the positive and negative impacts of globalization on indigenous and national development, and how to manage the realities and practices of globalization and localization in education for maximizing the benefits and minimizing the disadvantages for the development of individuals and their local community inevitably becomes a key issue in education development.
Abstract: Since there are increasing international concerns with both the positive and negative impacts of globalization on indigenous and national development, how to manage the realities and practices of globalization and localization in education for maximizing the benefits and minimizing the disadvantages for the development of individuals and their local community inevitably becomes a key issue in educational development particularly in the developing countries. Proposes a typology of multiple theories of fostering local knowledge and human development to address this key concern. These theories have varied emphasis on global dependence and local orientation and therefore they have their own characteristics, strengths, and limitations. The typology can provide a wide spectrum of alternatives for policy‐makers and educators to conceptualize and formulate their strategies and practices in developing local education. Also presents how to facilitate individual learning and organizational learning in fast‐changing local and global environments and how to foster both individual knowledge and institutional knowledge in schools as the major contribution to the growth of local knowledge and local development. It is hoped that the theories and ideas raised in this paper can benefit the ongoing international efforts for globalization and localization in education for the future of our next generations in the new millennium.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on Moldavia, and its task of nation building, a task that depends in part on the effectiveness of the nation's educational system following the demise of the Soviet Union.
Abstract: Focuses on Moldavia, and its task of nation building – a task that depends, in part, on the effectiveness of the nation's educational system– following the demise of the Soviet Union. Provides a brief discussion of the growing importance of higher education, examines the evolution of higher education and management responses to the changing environment, and identifies current management practices in higher education. Concludes with a set of universal principles or characteristics of effective higher education and with an injunction to countries in transition and developing countries to reorient their educational policies in light of these principles.
TL;DR: This paper found that self-esteem and academic self-concept significantly moderated the impact of a "financial pressure" variable on the decision to go to university, while goal orientation, learning orientation, financial pressures and parental encouragement to enter university represented major motivational factors among both groups of students.
Abstract: A total of 284 first‐year undergraduate business studies students in a post‐1992 university in Greater London completed a questionnaire regarding their motives for deciding to participate in higher education. The questionnaire also queried whether the decision to enrol had been “marginal”, or was something about which they had never had any doubts or reservations. An amended version of the questionnaire was filled in by 139 second‐year BTEC and GNVQ students in two further education colleges in the catchment area of the university hosting the main investigation. This modified questionnaire asked the respondents whether they did or did not intend going to university, and examined their motives for wanting or not wanting to become undergraduates. It emerged that “goal orientation”, “learning orientation”, financial pressures and parental encouragement to enter university represented major motivational factors among both groups of students. Certain personality traits that previous research has found to influence HE enrolment decisions did not appear to explain the behaviour of the undergraduates; although academic self‐concept and self‐esteem did affect the decisions of the FE college students in the anticipated manner. In the case of the university students, self‐esteem and academic self‐concept significantly moderated the impact of a “financial pressure” variable on the decision to go to university. Other findings were generally in accord with the conclusions of prior empirical literature in the field.
TL;DR: The National Foundation for Teaching Entrepreneurship (NFTE) as mentioned in this paper is an example of an action learning approach for teaching business studies, which has been well received and has proved to be a suitable means of planting seeds that may come to fruition in later life.
Abstract: Encouraging entrepreneurship has become an accepted wisdom in economic management and government policy. It could only be a matter of time before the world of education was invoked as a means of furthering this end. Business schools have not made the most incisive contribution possible, and there is a significant expectations gap. So as we cascade down to the secondary level, efforts are being made to improve matters. The initiative of the National Foundation for Teaching Entrepreneurship is outlined, and research results relating to impact are provided. This is a systematic and comprehensive approach, which started in the USA and has currently spread abroad. It has been well received, and is a suitable means of planting seeds that may come to fruition in later life. It is an action learning approach, which is an excellent vehicle for teaching business studies. It has proved itself in widening access to under‐privileged groups.
TL;DR: The authors employed institutional characteristics and market-related factors to predict undergraduate students' tuition at 190 private colleges and universities in the USA, and found that the strongest correlations among variables for college tuition were reputation ranking and SAT scores.
Abstract: This research employs institutional characteristics and market‐related factors to predict undergraduate students' tuition at 190 private colleges and universities in the USA. Results showed that the strongest correlations among variables for college tuition were reputation ranking and SAT scores. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression revealed that the type of institution, academic reputation ranking, the annual expenditures, geographic region, the existence of professional schools, the size of the faculty and the undergraduate student body, and university presidents' pay and benefits are all significant predictors of college tuition. After controlling all other variables, the unique contribution made by reputation ranking is still a significant predictor of college tuition. Research institutions charged their students more than liberal arts colleges, which, in turn, charged more than doctoral granting I institutions. Implications for parents and students, private colleges and universities, human resource management, and the Matthew effect are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the retention concerns of high school students considering college vs the concerns of existing college students in a variety of degree programs to see if factors vary over time.
Abstract: Retaining students is a critical topic in higher education. A plethora of research has investigated demographic, age, life stage, ethnicity, and a host of other variables that influence retention. Colleges have responded to retention issues with a host of classes, workshops, and orientation or mentoring programs to aid student retention. Specifically, this study compares the retention concerns of high school students considering college vs the concerns of existing college students in a variety of degree programs to see if factors vary over time. Using a case study approach, the study found three key variables associated with retention problems. The discussion and conclusions identify ways for colleges to alter both marketing and assistance programs for both groups. Suggestions for replication and areas for future research as well as implications for policy directions are included.
TL;DR: In this article, a study of a large urban school's teacher appraisal system was conducted to ascertain the teachers' perceptions of the purpose of the appraisal system in use, and the main finding from the study was that teachers had no clear sense of purpose for the appraisal, and consequently had little commitment to it.
Abstract: This article describes a study of a large urban school's teacher appraisal system to ascertain the teachers' perceptions of the purpose of the appraisal system in use. The study initially involved an examination of government promulgations, which establish the requirement for an appraisal system, and a similar examination of the school's documentation, which contextualise the system for the teachers concerned. A survey questionnaire and interviews were then used to establish the teachers' perceptions. The main finding from the study was that the teachers had no clear sense of purpose for the appraisal system and consequently had little commitment to it. The general view from the teachers was that appraisal in this school was of little value and wasted otherwise valuable time; it is ineffective. The findings may provide a useful insight for schools that are reviewing their appraisal systems and policies.
TL;DR: In 2001, the University of Wisconsin at Stout was the first higher educational institute to receive the Malcolm Baldrige Award as discussed by the authors, and their operation was prioritized into the factors of: leadership; strategic planning; customer and market focus; information and analysis; human resource focus; process management; and, business results.
Abstract: Malcolm Baldrige Awards has established a framework of operations in order to encourage accountability, transparent decision making, and optimal use of available resources. In 2001 the University of Wisconsin at Stout was the first higher educational institute to receive this award. Their operation has been prioritized into the factors of: leadership; strategic planning; customer and market focus; information and analysis; human resource focus; process management; and, business results. This article traces the progress of UW‐Stout's implementation of the above factors in their day‐to‐day operations on their students' learning. The implications of this article are that this Wisconsin university has revamped their curriculum using Malcolm Baldrige framework, and that their successes can be used as a model of operations for colleges and universities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a case study that probes the process of leading professional development in a specific educational setting, namely, a primary school, and offers a critical analysis of the process over an eight to ten-month period.
Abstract: Presents a case study that probes the process of leading professional development in a specific educational setting, namely, a primary school, and offers a critical analysis of the process over an eight‐ to ten‐month period. Hopes that the approaches used and the lessons learned will have a relevance to the wider field of educational research and practice.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical and practical framework for managing the formation process of students unrealistic expectations in a college course is proposed, where alternative teacher interventions, aimed at effective management of students expectations about the course, are described.
Abstract: This paper proposes a theoretical, yet practical, framework for managing the formation process of students unrealistic expectations in a college course. Using relational contracting theory, alternative teacher interventions, aimed at effective management of students expectations about the course, are described. Also, the formation of the student entitlement process is examined. Finally, a matrix of remedies for effective management of students' unrealistic expectations is proposed. In conclusion, practical implications of the proposed framework for the advancement of teaching scholarship are outlined.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the allocation of resources to faculties by university management based on certain criteria and found that the latter needs to be modified in order to be considered fairer and be accepted by the academic community.
Abstract: This paper studies the accounting system reform practised in Greek universities since January 2000, and more particularly at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH). It specifically examines the allocation of resources to faculties by university management based on certain criteria. The AUTH is the largest public university in Greece and one of the largest in Europe. Following a study of financial data on variances in expenditure over the past 12 years, the application of a new method for allocating funds to departments is proposed through use of a certain formula. The results from the application of the formula for resource allocation have shown that the latter needs to be modified in order to be considered fairer and be accepted by the academic community.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an instrument to evaluate the educational program's training using the Professional Development Evaluation Form of the Olympic Education Program, which consisted of three factors containing 21 items: training, study groups, and total impression.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to evaluate the educational program’s training. The program used for this purpose was the Olympic Education Program, which has been implemented in Greek primary and secondary schools since 2000. First, the face validity of items was evaluated, second, the pool of the items selected was factor analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a three‐factor solution with high internal consistency. The instrument, Professional Development Evaluation Form of the Olympic Education Program, consisted of three factors containing 21 items. The three factors obtained were “training”, “study groups”, and “total impression”. The results provide adequate psychometric support for the instrument. The questionnaire seems a promising tool for the evaluation of professional development procedures. Although the results were encouraging, further research would be very helpful in order to improve the instrument.
TL;DR: In this article, a unique marketing perspective that prevails in some informal education institutions in Israel parallel with traditional modes of marketing, such as promotion, public relations and the like, is outlined.
Abstract: The current paper outlines a unique marketing perspective that prevails in some informal education institutions in Israel parallel with “traditional modes of marketing”, such as promotion, public relations and the like. Based on a case study research in five community centres, a service development based on active participation of the potential customers is discussed as a major marketing method in this organisation, and contrasted with “classic” models of the marketing process which have long been dominant in the non‐education sectors. Practical implications for marketing informal education institutions are provided.