Recent advances in rhinosporidiosis and Rhinosporidium seeberi.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 2 methods that could be used universally to reduce the incidence of alveolar osteitis. In addition other variables including age and sex of patient preoperative aspirin use and discomfort and the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) were studied. A large controlled prospective study was completed with 952 surgical extraction sites in 476 patients. Postoperative dressings included lincomycin hydrochloride (Lincocin)/absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) oxytetracycline HCL-hydrocortisone acetate (Terra-Cortril)/absorbable gelatin sponge and absorbable gelatin sponge/saline. Bilaterally impacted mandibular 3rd molars of similar surgical difficulty were selected. Standard accepted surgical technique was used. Patients were seen 1 and 7 days after surgery or as needed. Lincomycin hydrochloride/absorbable gelatin sponge and oxytetracycline HC1-hydrocortisone acetate/absorbable gelatin sponge were effective in reducing the incidence of alveolar osteitis. Lincomycin hydrochloride/absorbable gelatin sponge is preferred because of the increased morbidity associated with dressings containing petrolatum products. Absorbable gelatin sponge alone is not effective in reducing the incidence of alveolar osteitis. Age and OC use were found to be significant factors in the incidence of this problem. (authors modified)

Alveolar osteitis following surgical removal of mandibular third molars.

A sample of 181 diabetics with diabetic retinopathy was statistically investigated with regard to association of smoking with proliferative retinopathy. The numbers of patients with proliferative retinopathy rose with increasing tobacco consumption. In nonsmokers no association existed between diabetes duration and proliferative retinopathy, but in smokers the number with proliferative retinopathy rose with increasing diabetes duration.

Cigarette Smoking and Diabetic Retinopathy

1 Helminth zoonoses in African perspective.- Dog and man in Africa.- Cattle and man in Africa.- Future medical-veterinary-zoological cooperation.- Conclusions.- Notes.- References.- 2 Echinococcosis - a plague on pastoralists.- Life cycle.- Current status of human hydatidosis in Africa.- Public health importance of E. granulosus in Africa.- Diagnosis of human hydatidosis.- Serology.- Treatment of human hydatidosis.- Domestic intermediate hosts.- Role of domestic dogs.- Wildlife cycles in Africa.- Species and strain differences of Echinococcus in Africa.- Control.- Conclusions and future prospects.- References.- 3 The zoonotic Taeniae of Africa.- History and biology.- Epidemiology.- Zoonotic importance.- Meat inspection.- Public health measures.- Economic impact.- Diagnosis.- Cysticerosis.- Treatment.- Immunoprophylaxis.- Conclusions.- References.- 4 Trichinella in Africa and the nelsoni affair.- North Africa.- Africa south of the Sahara.- Epidemiology.- The nelsoni affair.- L'envoi.- Afterword.- References.- 5 The African 'hookworm' problem: an overview.- Importance and distribution.- Other hookworm-like parasites.- Zoonotic aspects.- Clinical and immunological aspects.- Treatment.- Control.- Future prospects.- References.- 6 Onchocerciasis - river blindness.- Life cycle.- Pathology.- Epidemiology and control within Africa.- Experimental investigations with laboratory models.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 7 Dracunculus in Africa.- Public health importance of dracunculiasis.- Current situation in Africa.- Control measures.- Anthelmintic treatment.- Dracunculiasis as a zoonosis.- References.- 8 Animal reservoirs of schistosomiasis.- Life cycle.- Schistosoma haematobium.- Schistosoma mansoni.- Concluding remarks and recommendation for future studies.- References.- 9 Baboons, bovine and bilharzia vaccines.- Heterologous immunity - the first experimental evidence.- Heterologous and homologous immunity to 5. mansoni compared in baboons.- Heterologous immunity between schistosomes and liver flukes -implications for understanding the immune mechanisms involved.- Pathogenesis of bovine bilharziasis.- Practical evaluation of live vaccines - sheep and cattle.- Practical evaluation of live vaccines in baboons.- References.- 10 Zoonotic helminths of wild and domestic animals in Africa.- Trematode zoonoses.- Cestode zoonoses.- Nematode zoonoses.- Future prospects.- References.

Parasitic helminths and zoonoses in Africa.

We discuss a disorder that, although at first considered of possible fungal origin, now is known to be due to an alteration of erythrocytes induced by petrolatum-based antibiotic ointment. In this country, the structures of myospherulosis have been seen most often in tissues from the nose and paranasal sinuses following surgery in this region. Our studies show that both components of the vehicle of a commonly used tetracycline antibiotic ointment, lanolin and petrolatum, either separately or together, produce the structures of myospherulosis in vitro. It is recommended that a nonpetrolatum-based substance be used in nasal packing for purposes of hemostasis.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/otol/articlepdf/608363/archotol_106_5_009.pdf

Myospherulosis: a preventable iatrogenic nasal and paranasal entity.

Myospherulosis (subcutaneous spherulocystic disease)

14 cases of tapeworm coenurus infection of man seen in Uganda are reported. Epidemiologically and clinically the cases seen in tropical Africa are different from those seen elsewhere, possibly reflecting a different species of parasite.

A.C. Templeton

Papers

Myospherulosis (subcutaneous spherulocystic disease)

Human coenurus infection: A report of 14 cases from Uganda