PopulationAll the organisms of a given species that live in a specified region
2.1M papers•62.7M citations
CancerGroup of diseases involving abnormal cell growth and spread
339.6K papers•10.9M citations
GeneSequence of DNA or RNA that codes for an RNA or protein product
211.7K papers•10.3M citations
CatalysisProcess of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction
400.9K papers•8.7M citations
Signal transductionCascade of intracellular and molecular events for transmission/amplification of signals
122.6K papers•8.2M citations
Immune systemBiological system protecting an organism against disease
182.8K papers•7.9M citations
Health carePrevention of disease and promotion of wellbeing
342.1K papers•7.2M citations
AntigenMolecule triggering an immune response (antibody production) in the host
170.2K papers•6.9M citations
Breast cancerCancer that originates in mammary glands
214.3K papers•6.4M citations
Stem cellUndifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells
129.1K papers•5.9M citations
AdsorptionPhenomenon of surface adhesion
226.4K papers•5.9M citations
Regulation of gene expressionModifying mechanisms used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products
85.4K papers•5.8M citations
Risk factorVariable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection
91.9K papers•5.7M citations
T cellWhite blood cells of the immune system
109.5K papers•5.5M citations
Gene expressionConversion of a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products
113.3K papers•5.5M citations
Context (language use)Non-language factors that enhance understanding of communication
324.7K papers•5.5M citations
RNAFamily of large biological molecules
111.6K papers•5.4M citations
PoliticsActivities associated with group decisions
263.7K papers•5.3M citations
Cell cultureProcess by which cells are grown under controlled conditions
133.3K papers•5.3M citations
VirusInfectious agent that replicates in cells
136.9K papers•5.2M citations
InsulinPeptide hormone
124.2K papers•5.1M citations
GrapheneHexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
144.5K papers•4.9M citations
ApoptosisProgrammed cell death in multicellular organisms
115.4K papers•4.8M citations
GalaxyAstronomical structure
109.9K papers•4.7M citations
Cytotoxic T cellT cell that kills infected, damaged or cancerous cells
92.4K papers•4.7M citations
AnxietyUnpleasant complex combination of emotions
141.1K papers•4.7M citations
DNAMolecule that carries genetic information
107.1K papers•4.7M citations
SignalVarying physical quantity that conveys information
674.2K papers•4.5M citations
Artificial neural networkComputational model used in machine learning, based on connected, hierarchical functions
207K papers•4.5M citations
CytokineBroad and loose category of small proteins important in cell signaling
79.2K papers•4.4M citations
CognitionAct or process of knowing
99.9K papers•4.3M citations
LaserDevice which emits light via optical amplification
353.1K papers•4.3M citations
Mental healthLevel of psychological well-being
183.7K papers•4.3M citations
MembraneThin, film-like structure separating two fluids, acting as a selective barrier
157.7K papers•4.3M citations
Blood pressurePressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of arteries
139.2K papers•4.2M citations
AntibodyProtein(s) forming a major part of an organism's immune system
113.9K papers•4.1M citations
Nonlinear systemSystem where changes of output are not proportional to changes of input
208.1K papers•4M citations
InflammationPhysical effects resulting from activation of the immune system
76.4K papers•4M citations
Amino acidOrganic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
124.9K papers•4M citations
PregnancyTime of offspring development in mother's body
163.9K papers•4M citations
Public healthPromoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society and individuals
158.3K papers•3.9M citations
PhosphorylationChemical process of introducing a phosphate
69.3K papers•3.8M citations
Programmed cell deathDeath of a cell mediated by intracellular program, often as part of development
60.5K papers•3.8M citations
GenomeAll genetic material of an organism
74.2K papers•3.8M citations
StrokeDeath of a region of brain cells due to poor blood flow
112.7K papers•3.7M citations
Cell growthIncrease in the total cell mass
104.2K papers•3.7M citations
Carbon nanotubeAllotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
109K papers•3.6M citations
OxideChemical compound with at least one oxygen atom attached to the central atom
213.4K papers•3.6M citations
KinaseEnzyme catalyzing transfer of phosphate groups onto specific substrates
65.8K papers•3.5M citations
Heart failureFailure of the heart to provide sufficient blood flow
107.8K papers•3.5M citations
Climate changeCurrent rise in Earth's average temperature and its effects
99.2K papers•3.5M citations
Higher educationAcademic tertiary education, such as from colleges and universities
244.3K papers•3.5M citations
Survival rateMedical analysis of disease
73.3K papers•3.5M citations
Aqueous solutionSolution in which the solvent is water
189.5K papers•3.4M citations
MutantPhenotypically-different organism resulting from a mutation
74.5K papers•3.4M citations
MetastasisSpread of a disease inside a body
103.6K papers•3.4M citations
Cell cycleSeries of events and stages that result in cell division
81.7K papers•3.3M citations
AngiogenesisBlood vessel formation, when new vessels emerge from existing vessels
58.2K papers•3.2M citations
Bone marrowSemi-solid tissue in the spongy portions of bones
87.5K papers•3.1M citations
Control theoryBranch of engineering and mathematics
299.6K papers•3.1M citations
CoatingAny substance spread over a surface
379.8K papers•3.1M citations
Finite element methodNumerical method for solving physical or engineering problems
178.6K papers•3M citations
Odds ratioStatistic quantifying the association between two events
68.7K papers•3M citations
Protein structureThree-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule
42.3K papers•3M citations
SiliconChemical element, symbol Si and atomic number 14
196K papers•3M citations
Type 2 diabetesType of diabetes mellitus with high blood sugar and insulin resistance
69.6K papers•3M citations
MitochondrionOrganelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
51.5K papers•3M citations
ScatteringRange of physical processes
152.3K papers•3M citations
Cluster analysisGrouping a set of objects by similarity
146.5K papers•2.9M citations
Body mass indexRelative weight based on mass and height
73K papers•2.9M citations
Heat transferTransport of thermal energy in physical systems
181.7K papers•2.9M citations
Raman spectroscopySpectroscopic technique used to observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system
122.6K papers•2.8M citations
Cohort studyForm of longitudinal study
58.9K papers•2.8M citations
Corporate governanceMechanisms, processes and relations by which corporations are controlled and operated
118.5K papers•2.7M citations
DielectricElectrically insulating substance able to be polarised by an applied electric field
169.7K papers•2.7M citations