Service quality is one of the most important factors that increase the use of public transportation, especially in metropolitan cities such as Istanbul. When evaluating service quality in public transportation systems, one of the most important factors is customer satisfaction. The increase in service quality increases the usage of public transport system utilization and it helps to solve many problems such as traffic congestion, air and noise pollution and energy consumption. For this purpose, the SERVQUAL model is extended with two new criteria related to Industry 4.0 and the pandemic to understand and evaluate the service quality of public transport systems. New criteria added into the SERVQUAL model and a novel P-SERVQUAL 4.0 (Pandemic SERVQUAL 4.0) model is presented. The novel service quality evaluation model is constructed as a three level hierarchical structure to evaluate public transport systems during the pandemic. Then, the evaluation model is modeled as a multi criteria decision making problem and a novel AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) integrated WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment) under interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) environment methodology is employed. A real case application to evaluate Istanbul public transport systems is presented in this study. The proposed novel model is applied to evaluate the most used public transportation alternatives such as IETT Bus, Metrobus, Tram, Metro and Marmaray, in Istanbul. By the application of P-SERVQUAL 4.0 model; as a result of this study, Marmaray is determined as the best alternative. The proposed methodology can be used by public or private organizations to improve their strategies and operations to adapt Industry 4.0 and prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Also, the main limitations and the practical and managerial implications of the study are included in the conclusions.

Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP-WASPAS Based Public Transportation Service Quality Evaluation by a New Extension of SERVQUAL Model: P-SERVQUAL 4.0

With the increasing availability of affordable open-source embedded hardware platforms, the development of low-cost programmable devices for uncountable tasks has accelerated in recent years. In this sense, the large development community that is being created around popular platforms is also contributing to the construction of Internet of Things applications, which can ultimately support the maturation of the smart-cities era. Popular platforms such as Raspberry Pi, BeagleBoard and Arduino come as single-board open-source platforms that have enough computational power for different types of smart-city applications, while keeping affordable prices and encompassing many programming libraries and useful hardware extensions. As a result, smart-city solutions based on such platforms are becoming common and the surveying of recent research in this area can support a better understanding of this scenario, as presented in this article. Moreover, discussions about the continuous developments in these platforms can also indicate promising perspectives when using these boards as key elements to build smart cities.

Open-Source Electronics Platforms as Enabling Technologies for Smart Cities: Recent Developments and Perspectives

The main aim of the manuscript is the identification of key research problems in the field of sustainable development, in the era of implementing the Industry 4.0 concept. The manuscript presents results of the bibliometric analysis in the subject: “Sustainable Industry 4.0”. The bibliometric analysis was realized in three segments: Sustainability, Industry 4.0 and Sustainable Industry 4.0. In the analysis, the following databases were used: Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Google Scholar. The main purpose of the analysis was to outline the dynamics of publications in the categories: citation, author, country, type document, science field, research area. The review of sources carried out in this way allowed us to identify key research areas and confirm the research thesis adopted in the manuscript. The research thesis: Sustainable Industry 4.0 allows the integration of the Industry 4.0 concept with sustainable development goals. The article is dedicated especially to scientists looking for still unsolved research problems in the implementation of sustainable Industry 4.0. Furthermore, the manuscript could be an inspiration for scientists, stakeholders, practitioners and governments to complete today’s knowledge about the problems of sustainability in Industry 4.0.

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Sustainable Development and Industry 4.0: A Bibliometric Analysis Identifying Key Scientific Problems of the Sustainable Industry 4.0

The large number of vehicles constantly seeking access to congested areas in cities means that finding a public parking place is often difficult and causes problems for drivers and citizens alike. In this context, strategies that guide vehicles from one point to another, looking for the most optimal path, are needed. Most contributions in the literature are routing strategies that take into account different criteria to select the optimal route required to find a parking space. This paper aims to identify the types of smart parking systems (SPS) that are available today, as well as investigate the kinds of vehicle detection techniques (VDT) they have and the algorithms or other methods they employ, in order to analyze where the development of these systems is at today. To do this, a survey of 274 publications from January 2012 to December 2019 was conducted. The survey considered four principal features: SPS types reported in the literature, the kinds of VDT used in these SPS, the algorithms or methods they implement, and the stage of development at which they are. Based on a search and extraction of results methodology, this work was able to effectively obtain the current state of the research area. In addition, the exhaustive study of the studies analyzed allowed for a discussion to be established concerning the main difficulties, as well as the gaps and open problems detected for the SPS. The results shown in this study may provide a base for future research on the subject.

Survey of Smart Parking Systems

More countries and regions are joining the bandwagon of smart city construction, which is an important strategy and innovative urban governance concept to solve the problem of rapid urbanization. This paper examines whether smart city innovation is able to ameliorate the traffic congestion faced by a large number of cities. Using panel data for 187 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2017, this paper tests the effect of implementation of a smart city on urban traffic congestion with the difference-in-difference method. The results show that, firstly, the construction of smart cities have significantly reduced the degree of urban traffic congestion and improved the quality and capacity of public transport. Secondly, information technology and urban innovation are the main mechanisms for smart city implementation to improve urban traffic problems. Thirdly, the improvement effect of smart city implementation on traffic management shows an increasing marginal effect over time. By overcoming the estimation bias in previous studies, this study accurately analyzes the positive role and dynamic effect of smart city construction on traffic improvement. It augments the literature of program evaluation and assessment of smart city implementation. By examining how to improve traffic congestion, it offers some insights that could inspire governments to build smarter cities with better traffic.

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Could a Smart City Ameliorate Urban Traffic Congestion? A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on a Smart City Pilot Program in China

Nowadays the idea of Smart Cities had become very popular. With the advent of Internet of Things, the concept of smart cities can be readily achievable. An extensive research is ongoing in the field of Internet of Things to increase the quality of services offered in cities and to improve the productivity and reliability of urban infrastructure. Internet of Things is addressing the most common problems faced in cities like availability of car parking and traffic jams. This paper presents an Internet of Things based Parking system for Smart Cities. The proposed parking system contains an IoT module deployed on-site for managing the available parking spaces. A platform provided in the form of portal for booking the parking spaces.

Low cost smart parking system for smart cities

Smart cities mission of India gaining popularity day by day. With the introduction of Internet of Things into smart cities the goal of smart cities mission is easy to achieve. One of the key feature of smart cities is Public transport. A smart city should possess an Intelligent public transport system. Today with the lack of appropriate information system in the public transport system, passengers are facing huge problems in the crowded cities. Passengers are forced to wait for long time since they don't know the information of an upcoming Bus or Train reaching to a terminus. With the introduction of technology into the public transport system a passenger can travel with an ease in the city. Here we propose a system where the current position of the buses and the arrival and departure times of the buses can be informed to the passengers via the display boards in the bus terminus or via the app installed in smart phone by incorporating latest technology into existing bus systems. The proposed technology has GPS system that tracks the location of the bus, a sensor incorporated in the bus to know passenger count. The GPS and sensor data is processed by a Raspberry Pi3 computer and then sent to a server. At the Bus terminus this information can be accessed through WiFi/Internet by the passengers.

Smart public transport for smart cities

Water is a key resource for life on earth. Clean Drinking water is one of essential human needs. With the increase in urbanization a threat of water scarcity is alarming. This triggers the idea of reuse and recycling of waste water. This paper presents the need for waste water treatment and also gives the brief description of various stages of waste water treatment. The waste water treatment plan works optimally only under certain parameters. Hence sensors can be used at different stages of water treatment for automation. This paper presents the importance and necessity to recycle the waste water and provides a solution for automation of the waste water treatment plant.

D. Vakula

Papers

Low cost smart parking system for smart cities

Smart public transport for smart cities

Waste water management for smart cities