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Social validity: the case for subjective measurement or how applied behavior analysis is finding its heart.

Anarchy, state, and utopia

Sustainable development, although a widely used phrase and idea, has many different meanings and therefore provokes many different responses. In broad terms, the concept of sustainable development is an attempt to combine growing concerns about a range of environmental issues with socio-economic issues. To aid understanding of these different policies this paper presents a classification and mapping of different trends of thought on sustainable development, their political and policy frameworks and their attitudes towards change and means of change. Sustainable development has the potential to address fundamental challenges for humanity, now and into the future. However, to do this, it needs more clarity of meaning, concentrating on sustainable livelihoods and well-being rather than well-having, and long term environmental sustainability, which requires a strong basis in principles that link the social and environmental to human equity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

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Sustainable development: mapping different approaches

There have long been calls from industry for guidance in implementing strategies for sustainable development. The Circular Economy represents the most recent attempt to conceptualize the integration of economic activity and environmental wellbeing in a sustainable way. This set of ideas has been adopted by China as the basis of their economic development (included in both the 11th and the 12th ‘Five Year Plan’), escalating the concept in minds of western policymakers and NGOs. This paper traces the conceptualisations and origins of the Circular Economy, tracing its meanings, and exploring its antecedents in economics and ecology, and discusses how the Circular Economy has been operationalized in business and policy. The paper finds that while the Circular Economy places emphasis on the redesign of processes and cycling of materials, which may contribute to more sustainable business models, it also encapsulates tensions and limitations. These include an absence of the social dimension inherent in sustainable development that limits its ethical dimensions, and some unintended consequences. This leads us to propose a revised definition of the Circular Economy as “an economic model wherein planning, resourcing, procurement, production and reprocessing are designed and managed, as both process and output, to maximize ecosystem functioning and human well-being”.

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The Circular Economy: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Concept and Application in a Global Context

Environmental Entitlements: Dynamics and Institutions in Community-Based Natural Resource Management

The classic of common-sense economics. "Enormously broad in scope, pithily weaving together threads from Galbraith and Gandhi, capitalism and Buddhism, science and psychology."-- The New Republic

Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered

Small is Beautiful is E F Schumacher's stimulating and controversial study of economics and its purpose This remarkable book examines our modern economic system - its use of resources and impact on how we live - questioning whether they reflect what we truly care about The revolutionary ideas are as pertinent, inspirational and thought-provoking today as when they were first published in 1973

Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics as if People Mattered

E F Schumacher asserts that it is the task of philosophy to provide a map of life and knowledge which exhibits the most important features of life in their proper prominence. The questions: How am I to conduct my life? What is the nature of art and nature? What is the meaning of religion? are restored to daylight on Schumacher's map of life by his maxim 'if in doubt show it prominently'. Science is therefore restored to its home territory and its growing imperialism over the fields is reserved.

A Guide for the Perplexed

Lo pequeño es hermoso

Twenty years after his death, the ideas of E.F. Schumacher still resonate through the environmental movement. With his deep spiritual vision and rejection of Western materialism and economic exploitation, Schumacher saw the need to give societies, communities and individuals practical tools for change. He is best known for his book Small is Beautiful:?economics as if people mattered, which became an international best-seller. This I?Believe is l the only book that covers the whole range of Schumacher's thinking l essential reading for all admirers of Schumacher and his work l published to mark the 20th anniversary of his death. This I?Believe will introduce to a new audience the freshness, clarity and profundity of his thinking, which has inspired a generation.

E. F. Schumacher

Papers

Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered

Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics as if People Mattered

A Guide for the Perplexed

Lo pequeño es hermoso

This I Believe, and Other Essays