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Applied Missing Data Analysis

In the United States, a disparity among racial/ethnic groups in the prevalence of obesity is one of the great concerns and enigmas in the obesity epidemic. This article seeks to determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity among preschool children and determine whether these differences are explained by socioeconomic factors. Using data Mathematica collected for the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study in 20 large U.S. cities, the researchers found that the prevalence of obesity was 25.8 percent among Hispanics, 16.2 percent among blacks, and 14.8 percent among whites. The high prevalence of obesity among Hispanics relative to blacks or whites was not explained by racial/ethnic differences in maternal education, household income, or food security.

Obesity Among US Urban Preschool Children Relationships to Race Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status

about the magnates. She argues that, in order to react against the anti-business writers (for example, Gustavus Myers, Charles Beard, etc.) and the loss of prestige of business, historians at the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration began in the 1930s to rehabilitate the historical reputation of the magnates and that this task was pursued during the Cold War by the "revisionists." She criticizes strongly the revisionists' method, which (she indicates) consists of isolating the professional activities of the magnates from the economic and political context and using concepts in social psychology without examining their "ideological foundations" (214). She adds that in the last twenty years, all social, economic, and historical research in the United States has converged toward the defense of status quo and the presentation of the American social system as the best (215). In her conclusion, Debouzy argues that since the end of the last century, big business leaders in America have had only to consolidate the political power gathered by the magnates who, according to her, formed the "leading class" during the period under study. In a footnote (12), Debouzy writes that "the book does not pretend to analyze the evolution of capitalist structure from the point of view of economic history," and in fact she pays little attention to the factors of growth (population, technology, capital formation) of the American economy. Was manpower as abundant as she indicates on pages 199 and 220? One wonders if Debouzy, like those she criticizes, has not given too much importance to the magnates in the evolution of the American economy. Further, it is regrettable that the author ignores the work of Alfred D. Chandler and the new school of business historians. This book, which has an important bibliography, will be especially useful to French students of American history.

Wilderness Bonanza: The Tri-State District of Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma . By Arrell M. Gibson. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1972. Pp. xiv + 362. $9.95.

Abstract BACKGROUND Since children are generally not achieving desirable levels of physical activity (PA), schools can provide an opportunity to increase their active time. This study aimed to describe individual‐ and social‐level variables associated with PA at school recess in a culturally diverse primary school. METHODS This observational cross‐sectional study included 131 children attending primary school. PA data were measured via accelerometry during school recess and analyzed in relation to data on sociodemographics, anthropometrics, and PA outside school. Data were analyzed using generalized linear modeling and logistic regression. FINDINGS Girls were more sedentary and engaged in less moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than boys (p < .001), while older girls were less active than younger girls (p < .001). Also, non‐Caucasian children were less sedentary (p < .001) and engaged in more MVPA (p = .007). Belonging to ethnic minorities was also associated with lower socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and less PA outside of school and on weekends. CONCLUSIONS Girls (especially older girls) and children from lower socioeconomic contexts should be prioritized when promoting PA. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY School recess can be used as an effective strategy aimed at increasing PA and reducing social inequalities.

Physical Activity at School Recess: A Key Element in Balancing Social Disparities

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the impacts of three risk factors (i.e., Trump-era policy stress, incidents of discrimination, and COVID-19 exposure) and two protective factors (i.e., resilience and social support) on mental health status. Methods: Data were collected via an online survey with first- and second-generation immigrant adults (n = 447). Hierarchical linear regression was employed to assess the risk and protective factors, in addition to demographic characteristics, on anxiety and depression scores. Results: Trump-era policy stress and discrimination predicted higher symptoms of both anxiety and depression. In terms of protective factors, resilience and social support each had a significant inverse relationship with anxiety and depression scores. Conclusion: Findings contribute to the knowledge base of risk and protective factors during a stringent immigration policy context and pandemic in the United States. Discussion: Implications for practice, research, and policymaking are presented. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors on the Mental Health of First- and Second-generation Immigrant Adults during an Exclusionary Policy Context in the United States

Background While previous studies have examined the relationships between social support and health care accessibility among ethnic minority populations, studies on Korean Americans remain scarce. Therefore, this study aims to assess the relationship between Korean Americans' mental health, accessibility to health care, and how they perceive the level of social support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method/result We distributed online surveys to Korean Americans from May 24, 2020, to June 14, 2020, generating 790 responses from participants residing in 42 states. Binary Logistic and Ordinary Least Square regression analyses revealed that poor mental health was associated with language barriers inhibiting Korean Americans' access to COVID-19-related information. Their perceived social support from family members and close friends was positively associated with mental health. Conclusion Our findings recommend that equipping community health care services with translators or interpreters is necessary. Additionally, health practitioners and staff should be trained to utilize telehealth tools to effectively treat individuals with mental health problems. American policymakers and health care professionals need to understand and address the unique hardships Korean Americans experience amid COVID-19.

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Associations between accessibility to health care service, social support, and Korean Americans' mental health status amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

In order to understand the prevalence of school-aged childhood obesity in the United States and suggest better methods to prevent and treat the public health problem, we examined it with significant and identifiable factors within the social-ecological model. To investigate the association between social-ecological factors and child obesity/overweight (BMI), we used the 5th wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. The dataset included information on 9-year-old children. The sample size for our study was 2054. We utilized multiple normal distributions for missing values and the Ordinary Least Square regression analysis. Black and Hispanic children were more likely to be obese/overweight than White children; children with higher physical activity were negatively associated with higher obesity; older mothers were more likely to be associated with children's obesity; family structure was also significantly related to the likelihood of childhood obesity; finally, school environment was significantly associated with child obesity. To combat childhood obesity, more school physical activities should be implemented, such as increasing physical education opportunities as well as building more sizable playgrounds and accessible recreation facilities at school and in communities. School environments also should be pleasant and safe for children. Health practitioners need to assess home environments to intervene for children's health.

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/7/9/134/pdf

Understanding School-Aged Childhood Obesity of Body Mass Index: Application of the Social-Ecological Framework

Although extensive research exists on toxic environments in the Tri-State Mining District (TSMD), there has been a lack of research on how harmful effects in TSMD could affect residents living in those areas. However, quite recently, such research regarding relationships between the health conditions of residents and toxic elements in the TSMD began to grow. The increase of empirical studies means greater complexity of the findings that require a more intricate understanding. To meet the goals of this study, an extensive, systematic review of the literature using PRISMA was conducted. This method resulted in 19 articles that define the harmful effects of the TSMD on the ecology and the physical health of residents. This research found that toxic metals not only negatively impact natural processes in the TSMD environments (fish species reduction, kidney and liver problems, and toxic diet) but also continuously affect the health of residents (high blood Pb and mortality).This study makes a vital contribution building upon the existing outcomes of the correlations between toxic elements in the TSMD areas and the health of residents. Furthermore, conclusions of this study provide updated information to policymakers and health-related professionals by providing adequate and innovative remediations and health-related services in the TSMD.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6783/pdf

Jihyun Jane Min

Papers

Associations between accessibility to health care service, social support, and Korean Americans' mental health status amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Understanding School-Aged Childhood Obesity of Body Mass Index: Application of the Social-Ecological Framework

Effects of Toxic Metal Contamination in the Tri-State Mining District on the Ecological Community and Human Health: A Systematic Review.