Preface. Acknowledgment. Part I. Fundamental Concepts. Chapter 1. Main Concepts of Electric Distribution Systems. Chapter 2. Load Demand Forecasting. Part II. Protection and Distribution Switchgears. Chapter 3. Earthing of Electric Distribution Systems. Chapter 4. Short Circuit Studies. Chapter 5. Protection of Electric Distribution Systems. Chapter 6. Distribution Switchgears. Part III. Power Quality. Chapter 7. Electric Power Quality. Chapter 8. Voltage Variations. Chapter 9. Power Factor Improvement. Chapter 10. Harmonics in Electric Distribution Systems. Chapter 11. Harmonics Effect Elimination. Part IV. Management and Monitoring. Chapter 12. Demand Side Management and Energy Efficiency. Chapter 13. SCADA Systems. Part V. Distributed Generation. Chapter 14. Distributed Generation. REFERENCES. INDEX. IEEE PRESS SERIES ON POWER ENGINEERING.

Electric Distribution Systems

The increasing demand for the uninterrupted supply of power is equally increasing the necessity to monitor the health of the distribution network. The failure of the network implicates loss of supply and hence incurs huge loss to power distribution utilities. This paper envisages an algorithm to monitor the condition of overhead distribution line insulators with complex background, keeping in view pragmatic considerations. Complex background necessitates an arduous effort to monitor the condition of insulators and requires a powerful technique to monitor and identify the condition of the insulator. Support vector machines (SVM) and Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are used to estimate the condition of the insulator with the aid of features extracted from Discrete Orthogonal STransform (DOST). The algorithm is developed in MATLAB environment using the image processing toolbox. Superiority of the SVM over ANFIS has been shown from the results for complex background to validate the efficacy of proposed technique.

Condition monitoring of 11 kV distribution system insulators incorporating complex imagery using combined DOST-SVM approach

The diminishing trend of reliability owing to possible power system failures has become a serious concern for the power system as a whole. It has necessitated the development of advanced protection methodologies employing advanced information technology and substation monitoring system (SMS) constitutes an integral part of such methodologies. The proposed scheme for condition monitoring of insulators, which serves as an augmented feature of SMS, aims at alleviating overall system reliability as well as power quality because cracked insulators cause disruption of power, thereby incurring heavy loss to the power system utilities. The image processing based video surveillance (VS) is incorporated to dispense with the cumbersome and time consuming conventional manual on-site detection using discrete orthogonal S-transform (DOST) in conjunction with some intelligent classification algorithms to ascertain the condition of the insulators.

A DOST based approach for the condition monitoring of 11 kV distribution line insulators

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Shahram Kazemi Name of the doctoral dissertation Reliability Evaluation of Smart Distribution Grids Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Electrical Engineering Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 69/2011 Field of research Power Systems Manuscript submitted 13 April 2011 Manuscript revised 11 August 2011 Date of the defence 13 October 2011 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract The term “Smart Grid” generally refers to a power grid equipped with the advanced technologies dedicated for purposes such as reliability improvement, ease of control and management, integrating of distributed energy resources and electricity market operations. Improving the reliability of electric power delivered to the end users is one of the main targets of employing smart grid technologies. The smart grid investments targeted for reliability improvement can be directed toward the generation, transmission or distribution system level. However, radial operating status, aging infrastructures, poor design and operation practices and high exposure to environmental conditions have caused the electric power distribution systems to be addressed as the main contributor to the customer reliability problems. Therefore, developing a smart distribution grid can be an attractive reliability enhancement solution for the electric utilities. Whenever the targeted reliability enhancement solutions are limited to the simple conventional solutions, the available reliability assessment techniques can be easily used for purposes of the value-based reliability planning. However, the electric utilities face a challenge when the reliability enhancement solutions include sophisticated measures such as those of the smart grid technologies. Generally, the available reliability assessment approaches cannot be employed directly for such purposes. In this situation, it is necessary to develop a reliability evaluation approach for predicting the reliability performance of the electric power distribution systems when employing such sophisticated solutions. A novel approach is proposed and demonstrated in this thesis for reliability assessment of an electric power distribution system when employing the advanced reliability enhancement technologies. In the proposed reliability evaluation approach, the overall impacts of the targeted reliability enhancement solutions on the sustained interruptions, momentary interruptions and voltage sags experienced by the customers are taken into account. The results of various reliability case studies directed in this thesis show that employing a suitable set of the smart grid technologies in the functional zone of an electric power distribution system can virtually mitigate all the reliability indices. It is also possible to reduce the range of variation of the reliability indices among different customers. In addition, there is a possibility to reduce the burden on the utility repair crews.The term “Smart Grid” generally refers to a power grid equipped with the advanced technologies dedicated for purposes such as reliability improvement, ease of control and management, integrating of distributed energy resources and electricity market operations. Improving the reliability of electric power delivered to the end users is one of the main targets of employing smart grid technologies. The smart grid investments targeted for reliability improvement can be directed toward the generation, transmission or distribution system level. However, radial operating status, aging infrastructures, poor design and operation practices and high exposure to environmental conditions have caused the electric power distribution systems to be addressed as the main contributor to the customer reliability problems. Therefore, developing a smart distribution grid can be an attractive reliability enhancement solution for the electric utilities. Whenever the targeted reliability enhancement solutions are limited to the simple conventional solutions, the available reliability assessment techniques can be easily used for purposes of the value-based reliability planning. However, the electric utilities face a challenge when the reliability enhancement solutions include sophisticated measures such as those of the smart grid technologies. Generally, the available reliability assessment approaches cannot be employed directly for such purposes. In this situation, it is necessary to develop a reliability evaluation approach for predicting the reliability performance of the electric power distribution systems when employing such sophisticated solutions. A novel approach is proposed and demonstrated in this thesis for reliability assessment of an electric power distribution system when employing the advanced reliability enhancement technologies. In the proposed reliability evaluation approach, the overall impacts of the targeted reliability enhancement solutions on the sustained interruptions, momentary interruptions and voltage sags experienced by the customers are taken into account. The results of various reliability case studies directed in this thesis show that employing a suitable set of the smart grid technologies in the functional zone of an electric power distribution system can virtually mitigate all the reliability indices. It is also possible to reduce the range of variation of the reliability indices among different customers. In addition, there is a possibility to reduce the burden on the utility repair crews.

Reliability evaluation of smart distribution grids

Robust transmission line fault classification using wavelet multi-resolution analysis

The impending regulatory issues that pave the way for a more competitive electric utility market have prompted most utilities to search for new or improved ways of ensuring that their services are reliable and cost effective. This paper describes how Garland Power and Light (USA), a medium-sized municipal electric utility serving a population of about 200,000 and a customer base of about 70,000, has chosen to take a proactive path and is equipping its substations with distribution automation tools for power quality monitoring and better control of restoration techniques during outages.

K. Ghoshal

Papers

Distribution automation: SCADA integration is key