Cross-sectional data from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) were analyzed to test the validity of the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scales as measures of physical and mental health constructs. Results from traditional psychometric and clinical tests of validity were compared. Principal

The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs.

The Functioning and Well-Being of Depressed Patients

We describe the functioning and well-being of patients with depression, relative to patients with chronic medical conditions or no chronic conditions. Data are from 11 242 outpatients in three health care provision systems in three US sites. Patients with either current depressive disorder or depressive symptoms in the absence of disorder tended to have worse physical, social, and role functioning, worse perceived current health, and greater bodily pain than did patients with no chronic conditions. The poor functioning uniquely associated with depressive symptoms, with or without depressive disorder, was comparable with or worse than that uniquely associated with eight major chronic medical conditions. For example, the unique association of days in bed with depressive symptoms was significantly greater than the comparable association with hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis. Depression and chronic medical conditions had unique and additive effects on patient functioning. ( JAMA . 1989;262:914-919)

https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/notes/2009/N3037.pdf

The functioning and well-being of depressed patients. Results from the Medical Outcomes Study

We describe the relationship of depression and depressive symptoms to disability days and days lost from work in 2980 participants in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study in North Carolina after 1 year of follow-up. Compared with asymptomatic individuals, persons with major depression had a 4.78 times greater risk of disability (95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 13.88), and persons with minor depression with mood disturbance, but not major depression, had a 1.55 times greater risk (95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 2.40). Because of its prevalence, individuals with minor depression were associated with 51% more disability days in the community than persons with major depression. This group was also at increased risk of having a concomitant anxiety disorder or developing major depression within 1 year. We conclude that the threshold for identifying clinically significant depression may need to be reevaluated to include persons with fewer symptoms but measurable morbidity. Only by changing our nosology can the societal impact of depression be adequately addressed. (JAMA. 1990;264:2524-2528)

https://jamanetwork.com/HttpHandlers/ArticlePdfHandler.ashx?journal=JAMA&articleId=383980&pdfFileName=jama_264_19_028.pdf

Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey

Objective: Each of 10 published studies investigating the relationship between HIV infection and risk for depressive disorders concluded that HIV-positive individuals are at no greater risk for depression than comparable HIV-negative individuals. This study used meta-analytic techniques to further examine the relationship between depressive disorders and HIV infection. Method: Meta-analytic techniques were used to aggregate and reanalyze the data from 10 studies that compared HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals for rates of major depressive disorder (N=2,596) or dysthymic disorder (N=1,822). Results: The frequency of major depressive disorder was nearly two times higher in HIV-positive subjects than in HIV-negative comparison subjects. On the other hand, findings were inconclusive with regard to dysthymic disorder. Rates of depression do not appear to be related to the sexual orientation or disease stage of infected individuals. Conclusions: Although the majority of HIV-positive individuals appear to be psychologically resilient, this meta-analysis provides strong evidence that HIV infection is associated with a greater risk for major depressive disorder. Future research should focus on identifying pathways of risk and resilience for depression within this population.

/pdf/meta-analysis-of-the-relationship-between-hiv-infection-and-jv8x9hqg84.pdf

Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between HIV Infection and Risk for Depressive Disorders

Depressive symptoms and syndromes are common in the medically ill, although they are frequently unrecognized and untreated The authors review the epidemiology, differential diagnosis, clinical presentations, and response to treatment of this clinical problem They address such methodological issues in the current literature in this area as the advantages and limitations of standardized assessment measures and discuss treatment modalities for depression in the medically ill, including antidepressant medication and ECT This clinical problem warrants attention for a variety of reasons: its prevalence, associated morbidity, and treatability Elucidation of the mechanisms of depression in the medically ill may also contribute to a broader understanding of depression in other populations

Depression in the medically ill: An overview.

Depressive symptoms and functional impairment in the medically Ill

Quality of life was evaluated in 103 patients initially when each was placed on the waiting list for a cadaveric transplant. Patients who were not transplanted were reassessed six months after being placed on the waiting list. Patients who received a transplant were reassessed six months after the surgery. Cadaveric transplantation was performed in sixty-three patients by the time of follow-up. The mortality rate of 12.7 percent in transplanted patients after six months was more than twice that in patients who remained on the waiting list without a transplant, but this difference was not statistically significant. There was a graft failure rate of 23.6 percent among transplanted patients who survived six months. Graft failures were associated with some deterioration in subsequent physical activity (F = 5.4, p < 0.03) but not in psychosocial functioning. Successful cadaveric transplants were associated with a marked and significant improvement in psychosocial well-being (F = 10.5, p < 0.002) after six mont...

Karen Voshart

Papers

Depression in the medically ill: An overview.

Depressive symptoms and functional impairment in the medically Ill

Cadaveric Renal Transplant Failure: The Short-Term Sequelae

Dr. Rodin and Ms. Voshart Reply