Acknowledgements Introduction PART ONE - BACKGROUND Introduction 1. Second language acquisition research: an overview PART TWO - THE DESCRIPTION OF LEARNER LANGUAGE Introduction 2. Learner errors and error analysis 3. Developmental patterns: order and sequence in second language acquisition 4. Variability in learner language 5. Pragmatic aspects of learner language PART THREE - EXPLAINING SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: EXTERNAL FACTORS Introduction 6. Social factors and second language acquisition 7. Input and interaction and second language acquisition PART FOUR - EXPLAINING SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: INTERNAL FACTORS Introduction 8. Language transfer 9. Cognitive accounts of second language acquisition 10. Linguistic universals and second language acquisition PART FIVE - EXPLAINING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Introduction 11. Individual learner differences 12. Learning strategies PART SIX - CLASSROOM SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Introduction 13. Classroom interaction and second language acquisition 14. Formal instruction and second language acquisition PART SEVEN - CONCLUSION Introduction 15. Data, theory, and applications in second language acquisition research Glossary Bibliography Author index Subject index

第二语言习得研究 = The study of second language acquisition

Methodology in Language Teaching:An Anthology of Current Practice

Communicative Language Teaching Today. Portfolio Series #13.

16. Teacher preparation for online language instruction

Wikis provide users with opportunities to post and edit messages to collaborate in the language learning process. Many studies have offered findings to show positive impact of Wiki-based language learning for learners. This paper explores the effect of collaborative task in error correction for English as a Foreign Language learning in an online (Wiki) language exchange programme (Chinese and English) between China and the UK. The current study was conducted with students studying an English module at an international university, China. They worked with students studying a Chinese language course at a university in the UK on a collaborative writing project. The results indicate that learners provided positive comments on using Wikis for collaborative learning to practise their language skills, particularly with specifically designed tasks integrated into their language courses. Students enjoyed correcting language errors for each other on the Wiki. In addition, the results suggest that students improved their writing skills.

Collaborative tasks in wiki-based environment in EFL learning

. Online classes have been rampant since the global spread of COVID-19. ESP teaching in higher education institutions is no exception, following the national government’s call to employ an online mode of teaching. Although technology has been long used to facilitate the teaching-learning process, the practice of online teaching is not without problems. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating ESP teachers’ strategies to make effective lessons delivery, optimize students class participation, and what challenges were emergent during their online teaching. The participants of this study were six ESP teachers in five private and one state universities who teach in various non-English departments. Data were gathered through interviews via WhatsApp. The findings showed that the strategies employed by ESP teachers were among others: ensuring instruction clarity, employing various learning platforms, virtual grouping, using authentic materials, etc. To optimize students’ online class participation was done by scoring students’ active participation, not giving non-doable tasks, using more asynchronous than synchronous method, etc. The challenges are having inconsistent internet connection, teaching while taking care for children, difficulty in monitoring students’ progress, etc. The findings imply the need of serious attention from higher education institutions in conducting ESP online teaching during this pandemic as it requires not only technical preparedness, but also most importantly the human aspect involved in it. Keywords: strategies, challenges, online teaching, ESP, pandemic

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When teaching must go on: ESP teachers’ strategies and challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic

Coursebook plays a substantial role in facilitating teaching and learning process, especially for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). However, the widely available coursebooks do not always match with the designed program and the learners� as well as the institution� needs. To ensure that a coursebook can optimally support the goals of an ESP course, developing materials is suggested. This research aimed to develop an ESP coursebook using ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. A Research and Development method was employed in this research in which the data were collected through questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire was distributed to 430 Business English 1 students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, the interview was conducted to 4 English teachers. Here, the data were obtained during the first and the last steps of ADDIE model (analysis and evaluation). The data obtained from the analysis phase were used for need analysis, while those obtained from the evaluation phase were used to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the coursebook. The findings showed the coursebook�s elements which cover language, content, tasks, learners, and the learning are good, but the visual elements highly need improvement.

Developing addie model-based esp coursebook

Kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi Bahasa Inggris siswi-siswi Tata Busana SMK Muhammadiyah Bangunjiwo dengan memberikan pelatihan TOEIC (Test of English as an International Communication). TOEIC merupakan standar alat ukur kemampuan Bahasa Inggris siswa-siswi lulusan SMK yang telah diterapkan oleh pemerintah melalui Kemendikbud. Sebagai jurusan yang baru dibuka di tahun ajaran 2017/2018, Jurusan Tata Busana SMK Muhammadiyah Bangunjiwo belum pernah mengadakan pelatihan maupun tes TOEIC untuk meningkatkan serta mengukur kemampuan Bahasa Inggris para siswanya. Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan selama 17 pertemuan, dimana 2 pertemuan diantaranya digunakan untuk pre-dan post-test TOEIC bagi para peserta. Sebanyak 13 peserta tercatat sebagai peserta pelatihan ini. Pre-test dan post-test dilaksanakan untuk mengukur capaian skor peserta sebelum dan setelah pelatihan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari 13 peserta pelatihan, 3 peserta tidak masuk selama pelatihan dan tidak mengikuti pre dan post-test (tidak aktif), 4 peserta hanya mengikuti post-test, 3 peserta mengalami kenaikan skor, 2 peserta mengalami penurunan skor, dan 1 peserta skornya tetap. Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa meskipun hasilnya tidak signifikan, ada sikap dan hal positif yang ditunjukkan para peserta. Indikatornya adalah jumlah peserta post-test yang meningkat (10 orang) dibandingkan pada saat pre-test (6 orang) sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa motivasi peserta naik, dan jumlah peserta yang mengalami kenaikan skor (3 orang) lebih banyak daripada peserta yang mengalami penurunan skor (2 orang), sehingga bisa dikatakan bahwa pelatihan ini cukup efektif untuk menaikkan kompetensi Bahasa Inggris para peserta. Kata kunci: TOEIC; kompetensi Bahasa Inggris; SMK Abstract Th is Community Partnership Service activity aim ed to improve the competence of English students at SMK (Vocational High School) Muhammadiyah Bangunjiwo by conducting TOEIC (Test of English and International Communication) training. TOEIC is a standard of English language proficiency measurement for SMK graduates who have been set by the government through the Ministry of Education and Culture. As a new department opened in the 2017/2018 school year, the Department of Clothing of SMK Muhammadiyah Bangunjiwo has never held a TOEIC training n or TOEIC t est to improve and measure the English language skills of its students. In this program, t he training was held for 17 meetings, of which 2 meetings were used for the TOEIC pre-and post-test for the participants. A total of 13 participants were listed as participants in this training. Pre-test and post-test were carried out to measure participants' scores before and after training. The results showed that out of 13 training participants, 3 participants did not participate in the training nor did they  participate in the pre and post-test (inactive), 4 participants only followed the post-test, 3 participants got an increase d score , 2 participants got a decrease d score, and 1 participant got a constant score . Overall, it can be concluded that even though the results are not significant, there are positive attitudes and things shown by the participants. The indicator is the increasing number of post-test participants (10 people) compared to the pre-test (6 people) so that it can be said that the participants' motivation rises, and the number of participants who got an increase d score (3 people) is more than the participants who got a decreased score (2 people, ) so that it can be said that this training is quite effective in increasing the English competence of the participants. Keywords: TOEIC; English competence; vocational school

http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/ijocs/article/download/4665/3453

Pelatihan TOEIC untuk siswi-siswi Tata Busana SMK Muhammadiyah Bangunjiwo, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta

Slogan is one of the powerful tools to advertise e-commerce products and services. The power of slogan to promote commodities lies primarily on the language style that it employs. This study is aimed at analyzing the linguistic feautures in 38 e-commerce slogans that are popular in Indonesia. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, the data were calculated regarding the frequency of each identified linguistic features: semantic devices, syntactic devices, phonetic devices, orthographic devices, syntactic errors, code-mixing, and moods. Qualitatively, the data were verbally analyzed, described, and discussed. The findings show that regarding linguistic devices, the most prevalent case is semantic device (self-reference). Concerning syntactic errors, the most apparent errors relate to word order typology and ommission of articles & prepositions. Speaking of code-mixing, the most frequently used term is the word ‘online’. In relation to moods, the most dominant mood is declarative. This study suggests further study with a wider context of data

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Linguistic Features in E-commerce Slogans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the beliefs of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in a mixed-ability class of a private university in Yogyakarta. Having 30 respondents who took an English class at the Language Training Centre of the university, this study mostly employed a quantitative research design, through which data were taken using the BALLI questionnaire consisting of 35 question items.  To support the quantitative data, interview were conducted. The quantitative data were analyzed using a 5-point Likert-scale, while the qualitative data were verbally described.  The results show that learners’ self-efficacy and expectation about learning English is low (3.20); learners’ perceived value and nature of learning spoken English is fair (3.76); learners’ beliefs about foreign language aptitude is low (3.11); learners’ beliefs in formal structural studies (3.11) is also low. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers evaluate their teaching approach and strategy in order to increase students’ motivation, confidence, and interest in learning English which can eventually promote learners’ success in learning English as a foreign language . ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki keyakinan bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing (EFL) pada kelas dengan kemampuan campuran di universitas swasta di Yogyakarta. Dengan 30 responden yang mengambil kelas bahasa Inggris di Pusat Pelatihan Bahasa universitas tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dimana data diambil menggunakan kuesioner BALLI yang terdiri dari 35 buah pertanyaan. Untuk mendukung data kuantitatif, wawancara dilakukan. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan skala Likert 5 poin, sedangkan data kualitatif dijelaskan secara verbal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: efikasi diri dan harapan mahasiswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris rendah (3,20); nilai yang dirasakan mahasiswa dan sifat alamiah dalam belajar bahasa Inggris secara lisan adalah cukup (3,76); keyakinan mahasiswa tentang bakat dalam belajar bahasa asing rendah (3,11); dan keyakinan mahasiswa dalam studi struktural formal rendah (3,11). Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar dosen mengevaluasi pendekatan dan strategi pengajaran mereka untuk meningkatkan motivasi, keyakinan diri, dan minat mahasiswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris yang pada akhirnya dapat mendukung keberhasilan mereka dalam belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing . How to Cite : Iswati,L. (2019). Investigating Learners’ Beliefs in Learning English: A Case Study. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 6 (2), 153-170. doi:10.15408/ijee.v6i2.14362

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Luluk Iswati

Papers

When teaching must go on: ESP teachers’ strategies and challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic

Developing addie model-based esp coursebook

Pelatihan TOEIC untuk siswi-siswi Tata Busana SMK Muhammadiyah Bangunjiwo, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta

Linguistic Features in E-commerce Slogans

Investigating Learners’ Beliefs in Learning English: A Case Study