Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fjit.1991.9.pdf

Strategic planning for information systems

Enterprise Application Integration

Management of the enterprise architecture has become increasingly recognized as a crucial part of both business and IT management. Still, a common understanding and methodological consistency seems far from being developed. Acknowledging the significant role of research in moving the development process along, this article employs different bibliometric methods, complemented by an extensive qualitative interpretation of the research field, to provide a unique overview of the enterprise architecture literature. After answering our research questions about the collaboration via co-authorships, the intellectual structure of the research field and its most influential works, and the principal themes of research, we propose an agenda for future research based on the findings from the above analyses and their comparison to empirical insights from the literature. In particular, our study finds a considerable degree of co-authorship clustering and a positive impact of the extent of co-authorship on the diffusion of works on enterprise architecture. In addition, this article identifies three major research streams and shows that research to date has revolved around specific themes, while some of high practical relevance receive minor attention. Hence, the contribution of our study is manifold and offers support for researchers and practitioners alike.

/pdf/an-exploration-of-enterprise-architecture-research-4v89t1o8he.pdf

An Exploration of Enterprise Architecture Research

Performance characteristics, such as response time, throughput and scalability, are key quality attributes of distributed applications. Current practice, however, rarely applies systematic techniques to evaluate performance characteristics. We argue that evaluation of performance is particularly crucial in early development stages, when important architectural choices are made. At first glance, this contradicts the use of testing techniques, which are usually applied towards the end of a project. In this paper, we assume that many distributed systems are built with middleware technologies, such as the Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) or the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). These provide services and facilities whose implementations are available when architectures are defined. We also note that it is the middleware functionality, such as transaction and persistence services, remote communication primitives and threading policy primitives, that dominate distributed system performance. Drawing on these observations, this paper presents a novel approach to performance testing of distributed applications. We propose to derive application-specific test cases from architecture designs so that performance of a distributed application can be tested using the middleware software at early stages of a development process. We report empirical results that support the viability of the approach.

Early performance testing of distributed software applications

Previously, business operations of most large companies were supported by a number of isolated software systems performing diverse specific tasks, from real-time process control to administrative functions. In order to better achieve business goals, these systems have in recent years been extended, and more importantly, integrated into a company-wide system in its own right, the enterprise software system. Due to its history, this system is composed of a considerable number of heterogeneous and poorly understood components interacting by means of equally diverse and confusing connectors. To enable informed decision-making, the Chief Information Officer (CIO), responsible for the overall evolution of the company's enterprise software system, requires management tools. This paper proposes enterprise software system architecture (ESSA) as a foundation for an approach for managing the company's software system portfolio. In order to manage the overwhelming information amounts associated with the enterprise software system, this approach is based on two concepts. Firstly, the approach explicitly relates the utility of knowledge to the cost of its acquisition. The utility of knowledge is derived from the increased value of better-informed decision-making. The cost of knowledge acquisition is primarily related to the resources spent on information searching. Secondly, the approach focuses on ensuring the consistency of the architectural model.

https://www.asdifec.uni.edu.ni/Sitio/LeonelPlazaola/Ekstedt,%202004,%20Consistent%20Enterprise%20Software%20System%20Architecture%20for%20the%20CIO%20-%20A%20Utility-Cost%20Based%20Approach.pdf

Consistent enterprise software system architecture for the CIO - a utility-cost based approach $

Enterprise architecture, EA, is an established approach for the model-based and holistic management of IT. The scope of EA is however wide and the predominant EA frameworks suggest the creation of broad and detailed models. IT management cannot control all areas spanned by the present frameworks for EA models. In order to ensure well-informed decisions, IT management has a series of questions that need to be answered. This paper proposes an assessment framework that can be used to identify relevant questions for assessments of EA and EA scenarios, within the areas of EA that IT management can control. Three top dimensions in the proposed framework are presented: IT organization, IT systems, and Business organization. The framework further includes sub dimensions for identifying questions. An application of the assessment framework, as it was applied to assess EA scenarios in a power company, is also described.

An IT management assessment framework: evaluating enterprise architecture scenarios

s the dependence of IS/IT has grown in modern organizations, IT investments have soared in the last couple of decades. Large amounts of money are spent with the hope that the investments will generate value for the business organizations using the systems. It is hence easy to understand the needs for methods to assess the business value of IT-investments. The investment decision is basically about selecting the best IT-system or the best combination of IT-systems, i.e. the system(s) that provides the most business value in dimensions that are important business-wise. However, a problem with many of the avail-able methods is that they often fail to concretely explain what technical characteristics the IT systems(s) should have to achieve the business value desired. A complicating aspect of IT-investment evaluations is also that the evaluations usually include a high degree of un-certainty. In this thesis, an IT investment evaluation method is presented that indicatively assesses the differences in contribution to business value from IT-investment alternatives. The method provides, at a relatively low cost of investigation, indications of not only the technical differences between the IT-investment alternatives in a specific investment situation, but also an assessment of the differences in types and amounts of their business value. The presented method has been applied in a large case study at an electric power company. Furthermore, it also incorporates concepts found within Enterprise architecture (EA), particularly in how the information used in the evaluation is collected. The presented thesis is a composite thesis that, besides an introduction, includes five papers (paper A-E). Paper A presents an outline of the method as well as its application in the case study. It also presents the theoretical fundaments for the criteria used for the technical evaluation and the business value assessment including the method’s applications in relation to Enterprise architecture. The following two papers primarily present necessary steps in the development of the method. First, paper B presents the process to develop a functional reference model (used for the functional assessments in the method), including its application in the case study. Second, a breakdown of the term business value into a set of IS/IT-affected value dimension is presented in paper C. The last two papers present the final steps, i.e. the technical evaluation of the investment alternatives (paper D) and the final business value assessment (paper E). The papers include the methods to perform these analyses as well as the application of the method in the case study and the results of the case study.

A Categorization of Benefits From IS/IT Investments

This reference model for IT management responsibilities covers the most important aspects when modeling, analyzing and evaluating enterprise architecture, EA. The reference model can be employed to support IT management in their quest to make well-informed decisions, e.g. to derive architectural principles in order to obtain a proper scope for EA activities, measure the status of the current EA, follow up changes committed, and evaluate alternative EA scenarios. The model is based on extensive literature studies and has been tested in a series of empirical studies.

A reference model for IT management responsibilities

Distribution utilities that upgrade or implement new asset management applications very soon arrive at a stage where the business value of different system options needs to be assessed and compared ...

Magnus Gammelgård

Papers

Consistent enterprise software system architecture for the CIO - a utility-cost based approach $

An IT management assessment framework: evaluating enterprise architecture scenarios

A Categorization of Benefits From IS/IT Investments

A reference model for IT management responsibilities

A Functional Reference Model For Asset Management Applications Based on IEC 61968-1