Understanding the factors affecting the adsorption of Lanthanum using different adsorbents: A critical review

Bark from trees is considered a worthless raw material. However, this resource could be economically beneficial if utilized efficiently due to its rich chemical compounds. In this study, an ethanol toluene-soluble extractive, alpha-cellulose and lignin obtained from Leucaena leucocephala bark were characterized to determine their chemical functional groups. Based on FTIR spectral analysis, the results indicated that the bands of the functional groups of the extractive from the original bark remain unchanged; however, the absorbance intensity was found to be weaker in the group frequency and fingerprint regions. Removal of extractive, pectin, hemicellulose and lignin from the bark indirectly increased the strong absorbance intensity of cellulose. Broad peaks of OH stretching found in all spectra were assigned to the presence of phenolic OH and aliphatic structures for extractive and aromatic structures of lignin. It was revealed that aromatic functional groups were mainly found in the extractive, while water, carbonyl and ether were the dominant groups in cellulose, and methyl, methylene, carbonyl and carboxyl groups were enriched in lignin.

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Chemical functional groups of extractives, cellulose and lignin extracted from native Leucaena leucocephala bark

An overview on membrane strategies for rare earths extraction and separation

Biosorption-a green method for the preconcentration of rare earth elements (REEs) from waste solutions: A review

Role of Cu element in biomedical metal alloy design

Synthesis of Ion Imprinted Polymers for Selective Recognition and Separation of Rare Earth Metals

Adsorption of rare earth metals from water using a kenaf cellulose-based poly(hydroxamic acid) ligand

Nowadays, studies of alternative liquid insulation in high voltage apparatus have become increasingly important due to higher concerns regarding safety, sustainable resources and environmentally friendly issues. To fulfil this demand, natural ester has been extensively studied and it can become a potential product to replace mineral oil in power transformers. In addition, the incorporation of nanoparticles has been remarkable in producing improved characteristics of insulating oil. Although much extensive research has been carried out, there is no general agreement on the influence on the dielectric response of base oil due to the addition of different amounts and conductivity types of nanoparticle concentrations. Therefore, in this work, a natural ester-based nanofluid was prepared by a two-step method using iron oxide (Fe2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the conductive and semi-conductive nanoparticles, respectively. The concentration amount of each nanoparticle types was varied at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g/L. The nanofluid samples were characterised by visual inspection, morphology and the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method before the dielectric response measurement was carried out for frequency-dependent spectroscopy (FDS), current-voltage (I-V), and dielectric breakdown (BD) strength. The results show that the dielectric spectra and I-V curves of nanofluid-based iron oxide increases with the increase of iron oxide nanoparticle loading, while for titanium dioxide, it exhibits a decreasing response. The dielectric BD strength is enhanced for both types of nanoparticles at 0.01 g/L concentration. However, the increasing amount of nanoparticles at 0.1 and 1.0 g/L led to a contrary dielectric BD response. Thus, the results indicate that the augmentation of conductive nanoparticles in the suspension can lead to overlapping mechanisms. Consequently, this reduces the BD strength compared to pristine materials during electron injection in high electric fields.

Influence of Conductive and Semi-Conductive Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Response of Natural Ester-Based Nanofluid Insulation

Natural occurrence and anthropogenic practices contribute to the release of pollutants, specifically heavy metals, in water over the years. Therefore, this leads to a demand of proper water treatment to minimize the harmful effects of the toxic heavy metals in water, so that a supply of clean water can be distributed into the environment or household. This review highlights several water treatment methods that can be used in removing heavy metal from water. Among various treatment methods, the adsorption process is considered as one of the highly effective treatments of heavy metals and the functionalization of adsorbents can fully enhance the adsorption process. Therefore, four classes of adsorbent sources are highlighted: polymeric, natural mineral, industrial by-product, and carbon nanomaterial adsorbent. The major purpose of this review is to gather up-to-date information on research and development on various adsorbents in the treatment of heavy metal from water by emphasizing the adsorption capability, effect of pH, isotherm and kinetic model, removal efficiency and the contact of time of every adsorbent.

Mohd Sani Sarjadi

Papers

Chemical functional groups of extractives, cellulose and lignin extracted from native Leucaena leucocephala bark

Synthesis of Ion Imprinted Polymers for Selective Recognition and Separation of Rare Earth Metals

Adsorption of rare earth metals from water using a kenaf cellulose-based poly(hydroxamic acid) ligand

Influence of Conductive and Semi-Conductive Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Response of Natural Ester-Based Nanofluid Insulation

Heavy Metals Removal from Water by Efficient Adsorbents