Objective To analyse the existence of bioactive phytochemicals and their antimicrobial role of green algae Chlorococcum humicola (C. humicola). Methods The various organic solvents such as acetone, benzene, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, hexane and methanol were used for the preparation of the algal extracts then subjected to chemical analysis and further used for the screening of antimicrobial assay. The purified carotenoid pigments and chlorophylls were used for the antimicrobial studies against the harmful pathogens Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibreo cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Results The chemical analysis showed the existence of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, alkaloids, favanoids, fattyacids, saponins, aminoacids and carbohydrates. In vitro screening of organic solvent extracts of green algae C. humicola shows activity in inhibiting the growth of virulent strains of bacteria and fungi pathogenic to human. Eight different extracts showed effective inhibitory action against the selected pathogens. Depends upon their existence of the bioactive compounds the different organic algal extracts shows difference in their inhibitory zone against the microbes. Out of all the organic extracts benzene and ethyl acetate extracts showed excellent effect nearly 80% microbial growth inhibition. The separated carotenoid and chlorophyll fractions of C. humicola, also results in the microbial growth inhibition. Conclusions The present study concludes that green algae C. humicola are a rich and varied source of pharmacologically active natural products and nutraceuticals. While nutraceutical and pharmaceutical content in the baseline algae strain is very small, they showed excellent effect against the microbial pathogens.

Green algae Chlorococcum humicola- a new source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity

Indeed,medicinal importance of honey has been documented in the world's oldest medical literatures,and since the ancient times,it has been known to possess antimicrobial property as well as wound-healing activity.The healing property of honey is due to the fact that it offers antibacterial activity,maintains a moist wound condition,and its high viscosity helps to provide a protective barrier to prevent infection.Its immunomodulatory property is relevant to wound repair too.The antimicrobial activity in most honeys is due to the enzymatic production of hydrogen peroxide.However,another kind of honey,called non-peroxide honey(viz.,manuka honey),displays significant antibacterial effects even when the hydrogen peroxide activity is blocked.Its mechanism may be related to the low pH level of honey and its high sugar content(high osmolality) that is enough to hinder the growth of microbes.The medical grade honeys have potent in vitro bactericidal activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing several life-threatening infections to humans. But,there is a large variation in the antimicrobial activity of some natural honeys,which is due to spatial and temporal variation in sources of nectar.Thus,identification and characterization of the active principle(s) may provide valuable information on the quality and possible therapeutic potential of honeys(against several health disorders of humans),and hence we discussed the medicinal property of honeys with emphasis on their antibacterial activities.

Honey:its medicinal property and antibacterial activity

Antibacterial activities of some Indian traditional plant extracts

Objective
To evaluate the antifungal activity of four honeys of different types from Algeria against pathogenic yeast i.e. Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Rhodotorula sp.

https://www.idosi.org/ijmr/ijmr2(3)11/15.pdf

Antifungal activity of four honeys of different types from Algeria against pathogenic yeast: Candida albicans and Rhodotorula sp.

Objective To evaluate the in vitro effects of ginger and honey on micro-organisms on carious teeth by employing antibiotic sensitivity test. Methods Two hundred and fifty (250) extracted, carious teeth were aseptically collected into sterile peptone water. Bacterial species were isolated from the peptone water broth, characterized and identified according to standard methods described in the Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Aqueous ginger extract and honey were employed for sensitivity test. Suspensions of the bacterial isolates were made in sterile normal saline and adjusted to the 0.5 McFarland's standard. Each Mueller Hinton (MH) agar plate was uniformly seeded by means of sterile swab dipped in the suspension and streaked on the agar plate surface, and the plates left on the bench for excess fluid to be absorbed. Approximately 100 μL of the extracts were dropped into each well which filled them respectively to fullness. The setup was allowed to stabilize for 3 h before being incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The mean zones of inhibition were thereafter measured in mm, for all the individual isolates. Results Streptococcus mutans (88.0%) and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( L. acidophilus ) (39.0%) were most prevalent as compared with other isolates. The diameter of the zone of inhibition ranged from (18.0 ± 0.5) mm to (27.0 ± 1.0) mm for ginger and (20.0 ± 0.5) mm to (27.0 ± 0.7) mm for honey, as compared with (18.0 ± 0.7) mm to (23.0 ± 0.5) mm for gentamycin, at the various concentrations used. Results indicate a considerable antibacterial activity of ginger and honey. The combined extracts were most effective against Staphylococcus aureus (30.0.0 ± 1.5) mm but least effective against L. acidophilus (21.0 ± 0.7) mm. Conclusions For the prevention of the emergence of resistant microorganisms, use of combination of herbal preparations is more useful. Considering in vitro data obtained in this study, there is a significant synergistic effect of antimicrobial activity from the combination of ginger and honey, against isolates from carious teeth.

Nurul Afifah Binti Abdul Rahim

Papers

Antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant (Lumnitzera littorea).