Lignin is one of the main components of plant cell wall and it is a natural phenolic polymer with high molecular weight, complex composition and structure. Lignin biosynthesis extensively contributes to plant growth, tissue/organ development, lodging resistance and the responses to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present review, we systematically introduce the biosynthesis of lignin and its regulation by genetic modification and summarize the main biological functions of lignin in plants and their applications. We hope this review will give an in-depth understanding of the important roles of lignin biosynthesis in various plants’ biological processes and provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of lignin content and composition in energy plants and crops.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/2/335/pdf

Lignins: Biosynthesis and Biological Functions in Plants

Facile synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles from Egyptian insecticide cans for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes.

Downy mildew of pearl millet caused by the biotrophic oomycete Sclerospora graminicola is the most devastating disease which impairs pearl millet production causing huge yield and monetary losses. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) were synthesized from low molecular weight chitosan having higher degree of acetylation was evaluated for their efficacy against downy mildew disease of pearl millet caused by Sclerospora graminicola. Laboratory studies showed that CNP seed treatment significantly enhanced pearl millet seed germination percentage and seedling vigor compared to the control. Seed treatment with CNP induced systemic and durable resistance and showed significant downy mildew protection under greenhouse conditions in comparison to the untreated control. Seed treatment with CNP showed changes in gene expression profiles wherein expression of genes of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were highly upregulated. CNP treatment resulted in earlier and higher expression of the pathogenesis related proteins PR1 and PR5. Downy mildew protective effect offered by CNP was found to be modulated by nitric oxide and treatment with CNP along with NO inhibitors cPTIO completely abolished the gene expression of defense enzymes and PR proteins. Further, comparative analysis of CNP with Chitosan revealed that the very small dosage of CNP performed at par with recommended dose of Chitosan for downy mildew management.

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Chitosan nanoparticles having higher degree of acetylation induce resistance against pearl millet downy mildew through nitric oxide generation

Fast removal of diclofenac sodium from aqueous solution using sugar cane bagasse-derived activated carbon

In-situ constructing visible light CdS/Cd-MOF photocatalyst with enhanced photodegradation of methylene blue

Preparation and characterization of Pd modified CeO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of dye

WO3/CeO2 heterostructured nanocomposites containing different WO3 ratios (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 wt %) were synthesized by a precipitation method. The coupling of CeO2 and WO3 with a high specific surface area noticeably enhanced the photocatalytic activity of indigo carmine (IC) degradation under visible-light irradiation. The degradation rate constants (k) of 0.5 wt % WO3/CeO2 nanocomposites reached 4 and 5 times higher than those of CeO2 and WO3, respectively. Regarding the experimental results, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the CeO2 spherical nanoparticles and rod-shaped WO3 were assigned to the cubic fluorite and orthorhombic phase structures, respectively. The increasing photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite samples could be attributed to the heterojunction of the photocatalysts with efficient charge separation and strong oxidative ability, which were confirmed by the photoluminescence spectra and diffuse reflectance spectrometry. The staggered heterojunction of the nanocomposite promoted efficient electron transfer and suppressed the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes during the process.

Synthesis and Characterization of WO3/CeO2 Heterostructured Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Indigo Carmine Dye.

Expression Analysis of Genes Related to Rice Resistance Against Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

The staggered heterojunction of CeO2/CdS nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic activity

The silicon dioxide (SiO2)-coated bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) composites as visible-driven-photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method The effects of SiO2 coating on the structure, optical property, morphology and surface properties of the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmette-Teller (BET) measurements The photocatalytic activity of monoclinic BiVO4 and BiVO4/SiO2 composites were evaluated according to the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye aqueous solution under visible light irradiation The SiO2-coated BiVO4 composites showed the enhancing photocatalytic activity approximately threefold in comparison with the single phase BiVO4

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Panatda Jannoey

Papers

Preparation and characterization of Pd modified CeO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of dye

Synthesis and Characterization of WO3/CeO2 Heterostructured Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Indigo Carmine Dye.

Expression Analysis of Genes Related to Rice Resistance Against Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

The staggered heterojunction of CeO2/CdS nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic activity

Adsorption and Photocatalytic Processes of Mesoporous SiO2-Coated Monoclinic BiVO4