........................................................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... iii Table of

'Helping People Help Themselves': Democracy, Development, and the Global Politics of Poverty in Canada, 1964-1979

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7242947/file/8074778.pdf

Revisiting the first United Nations peacekeeping intervention in Egypt and the Gaza Strip, 1956-1967: a case of imperial multilateralism?

Good health and rapid progress depend on an optimal dose of nicotinamide. Too little meat triggers the neurodegenerative condition pellagra and tolerance of symbionts such as tuberculosis (TB), risking dysbioses and impaired resistance to acute infections. Nicotinamide deficiency is an overlooked diagnosis in poor cereal-dependant economies masquerading as 'environmental enteropathy' or physical and cognitive stunting. Too much meat (and supplements) may precipitate immune intolerance and autoimmune and allergic disease, with relative infertility and longevity, via the tryptophan-nicotinamide pathway. This switch favours a dearth of regulatory T (Treg) and an excess of T helper cells. High nicotinamide intake is implicated in cancer and Parkinson's disease. Pro-fertility genes, evolved to counteract high-nicotinamide-induced infertility, may now be risk factors for degenerative disease. Moderation of the dose of nicotinamide could prevent some common diseases and personalised doses at times of stress or, depending on genetic background or age, may treat some other conditions.

/pdf/nicotinamide-and-demographic-and-disease-transitions-3cnqk7kole.pdf

Nicotinamide and Demographic and Disease transitions: Moderation is Best

This thesis surveys the sounds of everyday street and work life to argue for areassessment of the way historians have understood community, space, materiality andidentity in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century Germany and Britain. It willdemonstrate that sound played an important role in the organisation of urban space andsocial order. Furthermore it will show how the historical subject as listener emphasisesthe volatility of identity, place-making and community. Sounds either defined acommunity through positive responses or created conflict where one group heard thesounds of another group as noise. Sound helps to define the social groups that thisthesis focuses on, such as experts, intellectuals, local administrators, immigrants orfactory labourers. The ephemeral nature of sound and the subjectivity of listening,however, also pull apart such neat definitions and reveal the fractures within each ofthese social groups.Throughout this thesis, differing reactions to everyday sounds in the conurbations ofManchester and D�sseldorf will demonstrate how communities sought to definethemselves and their environments through the production and reception of sound.What emerges is a re-composition of everyday life in the late-nineteenth and earlytwentiethcentury that challenges examinations of it based on images of class, sociabilityand culture. D�sseldorf and Manchester were substantial cities that grew during theperiod studied here and underwent similar processes of technological change thataffected both the social order and the physical environment. This thesis demonstratesthat the audibility of specific technologies, buildings and machines physically affectedlisteners, and that working classes, middle-class professionals and local administratorsall created regimes of noise intent on controlling behaviour in streets and workplaces.One of the key tropes within studies of sound is that listening places the historicalsubject at the centre of their environment while seeing places them outside of it. Usingthis idea, this thesis will make an original contribution to a number of debates. First ofall, sounds broke down visual boundaries between street and workplace and thisdissertation examines how that changes historical notions of place and space. Secondly,this thesis establishes how sound exposes the lines of fracture and cohesion within andbetween social groups that historians of popular street culture have tried to emphasisethrough class relations. Thirdly, sound allows for a re-examination of the powerstructures in which factory labourers and immigrants worked and lived as it presentspractices of listening and sound production that breathe new life into ?histories frombelow? and challenge the top-down approaches associated with governmentality. Finally,this thesis will challenge the notion of noise as unwanted sound, prevalent in thegrowing number of histories on urban noise by demonstrating the diversity of everydayand medical reactions to ?noise? and exploring the problem of ?silence? in negotiations ofmigrant and worker identity and the development of road technologies.Overall, this thesis will determine that the role of sound in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century complicates historical debates on the physical and social organisationof urban space. Different communities transformed their identities around sharedlistening practices and adapted their rhythms of everyday life to sounds that resonatedbetween street and home, work and leisure.

The noisy city : people, streets and work in Germany and Britain, c. 1870-1910

Aim To review and synthesize multiple lines of evidence that describe the spatial patterns of land use associated with prehistoric and early historical Native American societies in eastern North America in order to better characterize the type, spatial extent and temporal persistence of past land use Location Temperate forests of eastern North America, and the Eastern Woodlands cultural region Methods Ethnohistorical accounts, archaeological data, historical land surveys and palaeoecological records describing indigenous forms of silviculture and agriculture were evaluated across scales ranging from local (10 0 km) to regional (10 2 km) to produce a synthetic description of land-use characteristics Results Indigenous land-use practices created patches of distinct ecological conditions within a heterogeneous mosaic of ecosystem types At all scales, patch location was dynamic, and patches underwent recurrent periods of expansion, contraction and abandonment Land-use patches varied in their extent and persistence, and are broadly categorized as silvicultural (management of undomesticated woodland taxa) or agricultural (cultivation of domesticated taxa) Silvicultural patches persisted for centuries and extended kilometres to tens of kilometres around settlements and travel corridors The dynamics of agricultural patches varied among groups, with persistence ranging from decades to centuries and extent ranging from less than a kilometre to tens of kilometres around settlements Beyond patch boundaries, human impacts on ecosystems become indistinguishable from other drivers of environmental heterogeneity These characteristics of patches are evident across scales and multiple lines of evidence Main conclusions Our findings challenge the view that prehistoric human impacts on vegetation were widespread and ubiquitous, and build on previous work showing these impacts to be more localized and heterogeneous by providing quantitative descriptions of land-use patch characteristics Collaborative efforts that combine multiple data sources are needed to refine these descriptions and generate more precise measures of land-use pattern to further investigate the history of human impacts on the Earth system

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jbi.12386

Richard A. Hawkins

Papers

Replenishing the Earth: The Settler Revolution and the Rise of the Angloworld, 1780-1930

Orienting Canada: Race, Empire, and the Transpacific

The Red Man's on the Warpath: The Image of the 'Indian' and the Second World War

A Population History of the Huron-Petun, A.D. 500-1650

Sounds of Ethnicity: Listening to German North America, 1850-1914