https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(06)69523-8.pdf

Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence

This 1966 paperback edition of a publication which first appeared in 1963 has by now been widely reviewed as a worthy contribution to the sociological study of deviant behavior. Its current appearance as a paperback is a testimonial both to the quality of the work and to the prominence of deviant behavior in this generation. In general the author places deviance in perspective, identifies types of deviant behavior, considers the role of rule makers and enforcers, and some of the problems in studying deviance. In addition, he develops a sequential model of deviance relying on the concept of career, a concept originally developed in studies of occupations. In his study of a particular kind of deviance, the use of marihuana, the author posits and tests systematically an hypothesis about the genesis of marihuana use for pleasure. The hypothesis traces the sequence of changes in individual attitude

Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance.

Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/n20/n20a15.pdf

The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society

A growing body of empirical research has demonstrated that intimate partner violence is not a unitary phenomenon and that types of domestic violence can be differentiated with respect to partner dynamics, context, and consequences. Four patterns of violence are described: Coercive Controlling Violence, Violent Resistance, Situational Couple Violence, and Separation-Instigated Violence. The controversial matter of gender symmetry and asymmetry in intimate partner violence is discussed in terms of sampling differences and methodological limitations. Implications of differentiation among types of domestic violence include the need for improved screening measures and procedures in civil, family, and criminal court and the possibility of better decision making, appropriate sanctions, and more effective treatment programs tailored to the characteristics of different types of partner violence. In family court, reliable differentiation should provide the basis for determining what safeguards are necessary and what types of parenting plans are appropriate to ensure healthy outcomes for children and parent‐child relationships.

/pdf/differentiation-among-types-of-intimate-partner-violence-4m6uqa514e.pdf

Differentiation among types of intimate partner violence: research update and implications for interventions

ContextIntimate partner violence is prevalent and is associated with significant
impairment, yet it remains unclear which interventions, if any, reduce rates
of abuse and reabuse.ObjectiveTo systematically review, from the perspective of primary health care,
the available evidence on interventions aimed at preventing abuse or reabuse
of women.Data SourcesMEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, HealthStar, and Sociological Abstracts were
searched from the database start dates to March 2001 using database-specific
key words such as domestic violence, spouse abuse, partner abuse, shelters, and battered women. References of
key articles were hand searched. The search was updated in December 2002.Study SelectionBoth authors reviewed all titles and abstracts using established inclusion/exclusion
criteria. Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria for critical appraisal.Data ExtractionFollowing the evidence-based methods of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive
Health Care, both authors independently reviewed the 22 included studies using
an established hierarchy of study designs and criteria for rating internal
validity. Quality ratings of individual studies—good, fair, or poor—were
determined based on a set of operational parameters specific to each design
category developed with the US Preventive Services Task Force.Data SynthesisScreening instruments exist that can identify women who are experiencing
intimate partner violence. No study has examined, in a comparative design,
the effectiveness of screening when the end point is improved outcomes for
women (as opposed to identification of abuse). No high-quality evidence exists
to evaluate the effectiveness of shelter stays to reduce violence. Among women
who have spent at least 1 night in a shelter, there is fair evidence that
those who received a specific program of advocacy and counseling services
reported a decreased rate of reabuse and an improved quality of life. The
benefits of several other intervention strategies in treating both women and
men are unclear, primarily because of a lack of suitably designed research
measuring appropriate outcomes. In most cases, the potential harms of interventions
are not assessed within the studies reviewed.ConclusionsMuch has been learned in recent years about the epidemiology of violence
against women, yet information about evidence-based approaches in the primary
care setting for preventing intimate partner violence is seriously lacking.
The evaluation of interventions to improve the health and well-being of abused
women remains a key research priority.

Interventions for Violence Against Women: Scientific Review

Results from the 2014 General Social Survey (GSS) on victimization show that of the 19.2 million Canadians in the provinces who had a current or former spouse or common law partner, about 4% (760,000 individuals) reported having been physically and/or sexually abused by their partner during the preceding five years. This was significantly fewer than what was reported a decade earlier in 2004 (7%).

Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile

The domestic violence protection order (DVO) system is a hybrid system of criminalisation in which the DVO itself is a civil order, but any contravention of that order may result in a criminal charge Limited attention has been paid to the potential consequences of criminalisation through the hybrid DVO system in the Australian context We use Queensland, Australia, as a case study and examine administrative data gathered through Queensland courts We show that a disproportionate number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) people are named on DVOs, charged with contraventions of DVOs and significantly more likely than non-Indigenous people to receive a sentence of imprisonment for a contravention of a DVO, compared to non-Indigenous people We find that ATSI women are particularly overrepresented in this system We review explanations for these startling figures and emphasise the need for a change in approach

/pdf/the-domestic-violence-protection-order-system-as-entry-to-4ndx3jj9g7.pdf

The Domestic Violence Protection Order system as entry to the criminal justice system for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

Official statistics consistently demonstrate the gendered nature of domestic violence ('DV'). A recent report states that violence against women affected one in three Australian women and cost the economy around $13.6 billion in 2009 with women being most harmed. Over the past two decades, the legal response to DV has been increasingly focused on civil domestic violence protection order legislation in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Domestic violence protection orders ('DVPOs') are now the most common legal remedy sought by, or on behalf of, women experiencing DV. In all Australian states a civil DVPO can be made by the lower courts to restrict and prohibit a perpetrator of DV (a respondent) from committing further acts of violence against a person (an aggrieved). While in the vast majority of these cases, applications are lodged by or on behalf of one partner (typically a female) against the other partner (typically a male), in a smaller proportion of cases both partners seek protection orders against each other. In some cases these 'cross-applications' will result in 'cross-orders', or mutual protection orders being made by the court resulting in a DVPO against both parties. In the event of a cross-order, there are conditions attached to each partner’s DVPO. In Queensland, all DVPOs will include a condition that the party be of good behaviour toward the aggrieved and individual DVPOs may also include other conditions, for example, a person may be prohibited from making contact with the aggrieved and from entering specified premises.

Legal Processes and Gendered Violence: Cross-Applications for Domestic Violence Protection Orders

Finding stable employment has been identified as one of the best predictors of post-release success among prisoners However, offenders face a number of challenges in securing employment when released from prison This article examines processes that shape the abilities and motivations of parolees to secure gainful employment by examining interview data collected from parolees in Queensland, Australia (n = 50) We explore the role of social networks and commercial employment providers in helping parolees find work, the perceived value of institutional work and training, and the meanings, challenges, and impact of managing the disclosure of one's criminal past to employers Findings highlight that the role and influence of employment on a parolee's reintegration is conditional on his or her supportive social networks, ability to manage stigma, and personal changes in identity, which elevate the importance of work in a parolee's life Our findings also show how employment provides opportunities for offenders to self-construct and articulate new identities

Finding and Keeping a Job The Value and Meaning of Employment for Parolees

As people who live in closest proximity to us, the conduct of neighbours can have an impact upon our lives, even if they are relative strangers. While previous research has generally examined the p...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0042098018771453

Robin Fitzgerald

Papers

Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile

The Domestic Violence Protection Order system as entry to the criminal justice system for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

Legal Processes and Gendered Violence: Cross-Applications for Domestic Violence Protection Orders

Finding and Keeping a Job The Value and Meaning of Employment for Parolees

Neighbourhood change and neighbour complaints: how gentrification and densification influence the prevalence of problems between neighbours