Menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 48 corynebacteria and actinomycete strains examined. Dihydromenaquinones having nine isoprene units were the main components isolated from Gordona, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium glutamicum and a strain labelled Nocardia farcinica, but dihydromenaquinones having eight isoprene units were characteristic of other Corynebacterium species and representatives of the 'rhodochrous' complex. Tetrahydromenaquinones having six and eight isoprene units were found in Nocardia strains and in a single strain of Micropolyspora brevicatena, which also contained mycolic acids similar in chain length to those of Nocardia. Menaquinones having nine isoprene units with from one to five double bonds hydrogenated were the main components in Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Micropolyspora faeni, Oerskovia turbata and Streptomyces strains. Actinomadura dassonvillei strains had a characteristic pattern of di-, tetra- and hexahydromenaquinones with 10 isoprene units which was slightly different from the pattern in mixtures of similar quinones from Actinomyces israelii and Actinomyces viscosus.

Distribution of Menaquinones in Actinomycetes and Corynebacteria

Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans

In this paper minimal standards for the description of new genera and cultivable species in the family Flavobacteriaceae are proposed in accordance with Recommendation 30b of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). In addition to specified phenotypic characteristics, the description of new species should be based on DNA-DNA hybridization data, and the placement of new taxa should be consistent with phylogenetic data derived from 16S rRNA sequencing. An emended description of the family is also proposed as several new taxa have been described since 1996. These proposals have been endorsed by the members of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes.

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Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family.

Objective. The purposes of this study were to determine what microbial flora were present in teeth after failed root canal therapy and to establish the outcome of conservative re-treatment.

Study design. Fifty-four root-filled teeth with persisting periapical lesions were selected for re-treatment. After removal of the root filling, canals were sampled by means of advanced microbiologic techniques. The teeth were then re-treated and followed for up to 5 years.

Results. The microbial flora was mainly single species of predominantly gram-positive organisms. The isolates most commonly recovered were bacteria of the species Enterococcus faecalis. The overall success rate of re-treatment was 74%.

Conclusions. The microbial flora in canals after failed endodontic therapy differed markedly from the flora in untreated teeth. Infection at the time of root filling and size of the periapical lesion were factors that had a negative influence on the prognosis. Three of four endodontic failures were successfully managed by re-treatment.

Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment

Gray and Thornton's strain (ATCC 17041) of Mycobacterium coeliacum, here designated as the type strain of this species (which was later transferred to the genus Nocardia as Nocardia coeliaca), is a strain of M. rhodochrous (tentative generic assignment). The strain producing the antibiotic nocardin and similar strains, however, have been mistakenly labeled N. coeliaca. This report presents some of the characteristics of 27 of these mislabeled strains and demonstrates their close relationship to the type strain of N. autotrophica (Takamiya and Tubaki) Hirsch. The nocardin-producing strain and others like it are, therefore, assigned to N. autotrophica.

Nocardia coeliaca, Nocardia autotrophica, and the Nocardin Strain

Manual for the identification of medical bacteria , Manual for the identification of medical bacteria , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

S. T. Cowan

Papers

Manual for the identification of medical bacteria.