Army Corps of Engineers

The recent advances in nanotechnology and the corresponding increase in the use of nanomaterials in products in every sector of society have resulted in uncertainties regarding environmental impacts. The objectives of this review are to introduce the key aspects pertaining to nanomaterials in the environment and to discuss what is known concerning their fate, behavior, disposition, and toxicity, with a particular focus on those that make up manufactured nanomaterials. This review critiques existing nanomaterial research in freshwater, marine, and soil environments. It illustrates the paucity of existing research and demonstrates the need for additional research. Environmental scientists are encouraged to base this research on existing studies on colloidal behavior and toxicology. The need for standard reference and testing materials as well as methodology for suspension preparation and testing is also discussed.

Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects

https://cmapspublic3.ihmc.us/rid=1266358861321_2027852911_13457/Wound%20Healing%20Dressings%20and%20Drug%20Delivery%20Systems.pdf

Wound healing dressings and drug delivery systems: a review.

Polymers are the compounds that includes platics, artificial fibers, rubber, cellulose, and many other materials, including coatings and adhesives. This book presents key data on approximately 200 important polymers currently in industrial use or under study in industrial or academic research. No other single source covers so many polymers or offers such a depth of data. The book standardizes and makes accessible a wealth of essential data for students, teachers, researchers, and other professionals in chemistry and chemical engineering.

Polymer Data Handbook

The flow of homogeneous fluids through porous media: analogies with other physical problems

American society for testing and materials

Compressive and tensile strength of dry Douglas-fir was measured through rapid constant deformation rate tests at temperatures from 25 to 288°C, at initial thermoequilibrium and after 2 h of heating. The tensile strength decreased slowly with increasing temperatures to 175°C. Above 175°C, the tensile strength reduces rapidly. This is attributed to alteration of the cellulosic fraction of wood. The compressive strength decreases more uniformly with temperatures increasing to 288°C due to changes occurring in all three basic wood components with change in temperature. A first-order reaction equation for bond rupture/formation was adopted to describe the response. Including only terms for bond rupture resulted in good correlation to the observed strength response at reaching thermoequilibrium.

Effect of Pyrolytic Temperatures on the Longitudinal Strength of Dry Douglas-Fir

Hot torsion tests have been carried out on aluminum, stainless steel, and silicon steel specimens using a wide range of gage length: radius ratios and bore diameters. For stainless steel, which dynamically recrystallises, a higher strain to maximum stress was found for specimens with a gage length : radius ratio A new effective radius is proposed for calculation of strains, strain rates, and shear stresses from torque-twist data for solid and tubular specimens.

Effect of Specimen Geometry on Hot Torsion Test Results for Solid and Tubular Specimens

The prediction and control of flaws in welds occupy an important role in design against fatigue and fracture failure. However, the present NDT devices can detect only a fraction of the flaws and they do not give the actual size of flaws detected. Using Bayes Theorem, a framework is proposed whereby distributions of flaw size and density are updated from NDT inspection data and the level of repair. The concept is equivalent to a filtering process where the detectability function of the NDT device acts as the filter. The information derived will help planning of NDT inspection programs and consistent code specifications.

Probabilistic Updating of Flaw Information

Defect modeling and the prediction of magnetic field/defect interactions is of importance to the further refinement of electromagnetic methods of defect detection and categorization. Finite element methods are particularly suited to the analysis of field distributions within magnetic structures having complex boundary geometries and nonlinear B-H characteristics. This paper describes operational aspects of the finite element technique and shows how such methods can be applied to the analysis of electromagnetic methods of nondestructive testing, by predicting the magnetic field distribution around a rectangular slot in the surface of a circular ferromagnetic bar carrying an axial magnetisation current.

SF Etris

Papers

American society for testing and materials

Effect of Pyrolytic Temperatures on the Longitudinal Strength of Dry Douglas-Fir

Effect of Specimen Geometry on Hot Torsion Test Results for Solid and Tubular Specimens

Probabilistic Updating of Flaw Information

Finite Element Modeling of Magnetic Field/Defect Interactions