International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (vol. 10)

The New Encyclopaedia Britannica

This volume is a collection of the most important essays written by Franz Boas on the science of anthropology. \"Franz Boas is the father of American anthropology and one of the founders of the field of modern anthropology. The book, \"Race, Language, and Culture,\" is a collection of some of his most important essays.\"-David Schneider, University of Chicago \"An exceptional book. Exceptional because it brings into one volume sixty-two papers written by the most influential figure in American anthropology. . . . Exceptional in that it exhibits the wide range of interests and scientific exactness which made it possible for one man to exert such a profound influence on the growing science of anthropology. . . . This is a volume every student of anthropology will wish to possess; it will also have a wide distribution among other students of the social sciences, and all interested in the problems of race.\"-Fay-Cooper Cole, \"American Anthropologist\

Race, Language and Culture.

Phonological mean length of utterance (PMLU) is a whole word measure for measuring phonological proficiency. It measures the length of a child’s word and the number of correct consonants. The present study investigated the phonological length of utterance in native Kannada speaking children of 3 to 7 years age. A total of 400 subjects in the age range of 3-7 years participated in the study. Spontaneous speech samples were elicited from each child and analyzed for PMLU as per the rules suggested by Ingram. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were employed to compare the differences between the means of PMLU scores across the gender and the age respectively. The result revealed increase in PMLU score as the age increased suggesting a developmental trend in PMLU acquisition. No statistically significant differences were observed between the means of PMLU scores across the gender.

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LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

The position of morphology in the grammar is the subject of a lively debate.2 A major issue is that of the demarcation between morphology and syntax. Are there word formation processes that can be or should be accounted for by independently motivated syntactic rules, or is all word formation to be accounted for by a separate morphological component? A second important issue is that of the relation between word formation and inflection. Word formation seems to be more of a lexical nature, whereas inflection has a syntactic flavour. So the question is whether inflection should be seen as part of the pre-syntactic morphological component, or as belonging to a separate post-syntactic component of inflection, in which the morphosyntactic features of words are spelled out.

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Inherent versus contextual inflection and the split morphology hypothesis

Acknowledgements.- Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Definition and Goals of Descriptive Linguistic Fieldwork.- Chapter 3. The History of Linguistic Fieldwork.- Chapter 4: Choosing a Language.- Chapter 5: Field Preparation: Research, Psychological and Practical.- Chapter 6: Fieldwork Ethics: the Rights and Responsibilities of the Fieldworker.- Chapter 7: Native Speakers and Field Workers.- Chapter 8: Planning Sessions, Note Taking, and Data Management.- Chapter 9: Lexicography in Fieldwork.- Chapter 10: Phonetic and Phonological Fieldwork.- Chapter 11: Morphosyntactic Typology and Terminology.- Chapter 12: Grammar Gathering Techniques.- Chapter 13: Semantics, Pragmatics, and Text Collection.- Index.

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Handbook of descriptive linguistic fieldwork

The author presents, in an easily accessible generative framework, a reference on the Tibeto-Burman language Meithei. The grammar is divided into nine chapters which deal with phonology and morphology (phonemic contrasts, tone, the interaction of phonology and morphology, a word syntax for the description of the agglutinative morphology of Meithei) and syntax (the structure of root sentences, nominalization and other dependent clauses, case marking, the marking of grammatical relations). A functional perspective dealing with the signalling of evidentiality and indirect speech acts is given in the final chapter. The interaction of phonology and morphology is described in terms of the theory of Lexical Morphology and Phonology. It is shown, that while this theory is effective in describing the morphophonological facts of Meithei, it makes wrong predictions about word level semantics. The author argues that an appropriate grammar Meithei should allow for autonomous semantic and morphophonological representations. The book is rich in data: both elicited and naturally occurring speech acts are used in the analysis. Included are texts with interlinear translation, a Meithei word glossary, a subject index, a comprehensive bibliography of Meithei Linguistics, maps and pictures of consultants. Written primarily for the linguist, this grammar should also be of use to teachers and students of Meithei.

A grammar of Meithei

This paper is a position statement on reproducible research in linguistics, including data citation and attribution, that represents the collective views of some 41 colleagues. Reproducibility can play a key role in increasing verification and accountability in linguistic research, and is a hallmark of social science research that is currently under-represented in our field. We believe that we need to take time as a discipline to clearly articulate our expectations for how linguistic data are managed, cited, and maintained for long-Term access.

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Reproducible research in linguistics: A position statement on data citation and attribution in our field

1. List of contributors 2. Introduction: The role of semantic, pragmatic and discourse factors in the development of case (by Barddal, Johanna) 3. Part I. Semantically and aspectually motivated synchronic case variation 4. Case variation in Gothic absolute constructions (by Dewey, Tonya Kim) 5. Some semantic and pragmatic aspects of object alternation in Early Vedic (by Dahl, Eystein) 6. Part II. Discourse motivated subject marking 7. The case of the shifty ergative marker: A pragmatic shift in the ergative marker of one Australian mixed language (by Meakins, Felicity) 8. How useful is case morphology? The loss of the Old French two-case system within a theory of Preferred Argument structure (by Detges, Ulrich) 9. Part III. Reduction or expansion of case marker distribution 10. The development of case in Germanic (by Barddal, Johanna) 11. A usage-based approach to change: Old Russian possessive constructions (by Eckhoff, Hanne Martine) 12. Lacking in Latvian: Case variation from a cognitive and constructional perspective (by Berg-Olsen, Sturla) 13. Verb classes and dative objects in Insular Scandinavian (by Jonsson, Johannes Gisli) 14. Transitive adjectives in Japanese (by Caluianu, Daniela) 15. Part IV. Case syncretism motivated by syntax, semantics or language contact 16. Patterns of development, patterns of syncretism of relational morphology in the Bodic languages (by Noonan, Michael) 17. The evolution of local cases and their grammatical equivalent in Greek and Latin (by Luraghi, Silvia) 18. Argument structure and alignment variations and changes in Late Latin (by Cennamo, Michela) 19. Case loss in Texas German: The influence of semantic and pragmatic factors (by Boas, Hans C.) 20. Part V. Case splits motivated by pragmatics, metonymy and subjectification 21. Semantic role to new information in Meithei (by Chelliah, Shobhana L.) 22. From less personal to more personal: Subjectification of ni-marked NPs in Japanese discourse (by Sadler, Misumi) 23. Author index 24. Subject index

Introduction: The role of semantic, pragmatic and discourse factors in the development of case

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Shobhana Lakshmi Chelliah

Papers

Handbook of descriptive linguistic fieldwork

A grammar of Meithei

Reproducible research in linguistics: A position statement on data citation and attribution in our field

Introduction: The role of semantic, pragmatic and discourse factors in the development of case

The role of semantic, pragmatic, and discourse factors in the development of case