Social Learning and Clinical Psychology.

From Husserl to van Manen. A review of different phenomenological approaches.

Aim. This paper reports a critical review of published nursing research for expressions of rigour in interpretive phenomenology, and a new framework of rigour specific to this methodology is proposed.

Background.  The rigour of interpretive phenomenology is an important nursing research methods issue that has direct implications for the legitimacy of nursing science. The use of a generic set of qualitative criteria of rigour for interpretive phenomenological studies is problematic because it is philosophically inconsistent with the methodology and creates obstacles to full expression of rigour in such studies.

Methods.  A critical review was conducted of the published theoretical interpretive phenomenological nursing literature from 1994 to 2004 and the expressions of rigour in this literature identified. We used three sources to inform the derivation of a proposed framework of expressions of rigour for interpretive phenomenology: the phenomenological scholar van Manen, the theoretical interpretive phenomenological nursing literature, and Madison's criteria of rigour for hermeneutic phenomenology.

Findings.  The nursing literature reveals a broad range of criteria for judging the rigour of interpretive phenomenological research. The proposed framework for evaluating rigour in this kind of research contains the following five expressions: balanced integration, openness, concreteness, resonance, and actualization. Balanced integration refers to the intertwining of philosophical concepts in the study methods and findings and a balance between the voices of study participants and the philosophical explanation. Openness is related to a systematic, explicit process of accounting for the multiple decisions made throughout the study process. Concreteness relates to usefulness for practice of study findings. Resonance encompasses the experiential or felt effect of reading study findings upon the reader. Finally, actualization refers to the future realization of the resonance of study findings.

Conclusion.  Adoption of this or similar frameworks of expressions of rigour could help to preserve the integrity and legitimacy of interpretive phenomenological nursing research.

Critical appraisal of rigour in interpretive phenomenological nursing research.

In the course of our supervisory work over the years, we have noticed that qualitative research tends to evoke a lot of questions and worries, so-called frequently asked questions (FAQs). This series of four articles intends to provide novice researchers with practical guidance for conducting high-quality qualitative research in primary care. By 'novice' we mean Master's students and junior researchers, as well as experienced quantitative researchers who are engaging in qualitative research for the first time. This series addresses their questions and provides researchers, readers, reviewers and editors with references to criteria and tools for judging the quality of qualitative research papers. This second article addresses FAQs about context, research questions and designs. Qualitative research takes into account the natural contexts in which individuals or groups function to provide an in-depth understanding of real-world problems. The research questions are generally broad and open to unexpected findings. The choice of a qualitative design primarily depends on the nature of the research problem, the research question(s) and the scientific knowledge one seeks. Ethnography, phenomenology and grounded theory are considered to represent the 'big three' qualitative approaches. Theory guides the researcher through the research process by providing a 'lens' to look at the phenomenon under study. Since qualitative researchers and the participants of their studies interact in a social process, researchers influence the research process. The first article described the key features of qualitative research, the third article will focus on sampling, data collection and analysis, while the last article focuses on trustworthiness and publishing.

Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 2: Context, research questions and designs.

The lack of significant treatment and prevention progress highlights the need for a more expanded strategy. Given the robust association between socioeconomic factors and obesity, combined with new ...

A new model of the role of psychological and emotional distress in promoting obesity: conceptual review with implications for treatment and prevention

This paper takes the stance that although there are many different approaches to phenomenological and hermeneutic research, some of these have become blurred due to multiple interpretations of translated materials. Working from original texts by the German philosophers, this paper reconsiders the relevance of phenomenology and hermeneutics to nursing research. We trace the development of Gadamer's philosophy in order to propose a research method based in this tradition. Five steps have been identified as a guide for nurse researchers. These are deciding upon a question, identification of preunderstandings, gaining understanding through dialogue with participants, gaining understanding through dialogue with text and establishing trustworthiness.

Hermeneutic research in nursing: developing a Gadamerian-based research method.

Self-esteem is not typically associated with the nursing profession. However, the concept is indispensible for job satisfaction and good-quality patient care. Many healthcare systems are confronted with declining numbers of qualified nurses, and desperately seek suitable strategies to recruit and retain sufficient trainees and junior staff. This investigation examined self-esteem in 212 German nurses using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Nurses with an academic degree displayed a statistically significant higher level of self-esteem than nurses without academic education (P < 0.01). The type of professional training may therefore have a direct effect on the self-esteem, thus offering a myriad of potential benefits to both nurses and patients. Self-esteem is a quality relevant to this profession and, as such, the findings of research in this area should be reflected in the design of nurse training curricula.

Self-esteem among German nurses: does academic education make a difference?

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Wahrend zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie der Bedarf an intensivpflegerischer Versorgung steigt, sind die spezifischen Versorgungsbedarfe der Patientinnen und Patienten 

Wahrnehmungen von Pflegenden im Bereich der Intensivpflege während der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Advanced Nursing Practice scheint eine Antwort auf die komplexer werdenden Anforderungen in der Gesundheitsversorgung zu sein. Die Qualitat einer Advanced Nusing Practice wird derzeit durch Vergleiche mit einer medizinischen Versorgung untersucht. Diese wissenschaftlichen Legitimationsversuche einer Advanced Nursing Practice reduzieren die Potenziale pflegerischer Gesundheitsversorgung. Eine Perspektive fur eine fortgeschrittene und erweiterte pflegerische Versorgung im Sinne einer Advanced Nursing Practice sollte sich auf einem originar pflegerischen Versorgungsansatz grunden, namlich dem Lebensweltbezug in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung, der Patientennahe und der Sicherstellung der Kontinuitat der gesundheitlichen Versorgung. Einzulosen ist dieser Ansatz nur durch autonom zu verantwortendes pflegerisches Handeln. Das Erwerben einer solchen Kompetenz beruht auf einem Bildungsprozess, in welchem die Fahigkeit entwickelt wird, die Situation der Klienten und ihrer Familien als veranderbar wahrzunehmen.

Qualität braucht Kompetenz und Verantwortung – Herausforderungen und Perspektiven einer Advanced Nursing Practice für die Gesundheitsversorgung aus pflegewissenschaftlicher Sicht

Zu den Kompetenzen von Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) zahlen die klinische Tatigkeit in einem Spezialbereich, Coaching und Beratung, Zusammenarbeit, Leadership, ethische Entscheidungsfindung und Forschungskompetenz. Clinical Leader initiieren Veranderungen im Gesundheitswesen und reagieren auf die Bedurfnisse der Patient*innen wie auch auf Anforderungen der Gesundheitseinrichtungen. Auf der Grundlage der Advanced Nursing Practice kann Clinical Leadership bisherige Fuhrungs- und Versorgungsstrukturen infrage stellen. Ziel des Reviews ist es, einen Uberblick uber Clinical-Leadership-Kompetenzen auf der Grundlage von Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP) in der pflegerischen Versorgung zu geben. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Clinical-Leadership-Kompetenzen APN aus nationaler und internationaler Perspektive zugeordnet werden konnen. Eine systematische Recherche in MEDLINE®/PubMed, CINAHL und Cochrane Library sowie per Handsuche in Bibliothekskatalogen und Zeitschriften (April 2019 bis Januar 2020) erbrachte insgesamt 235 Treffer. Acht Studien wurden in die Ubersicht aufgenommen und analysiert. Clinical-Leadership-Kompetenzen gewinnen in internationalen Studien zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit und konnen auf der Grundlage von Leadership-Modellen, APN-Rollen- und Leadership-Domanen in der klinischen Praxis beschrieben und sichtbar werden. Clinical Leadership kann sich in der pflegerischen Praxis abbilden, wenn APN Behandlungsprozesse in komplexen Pflegesituationen eigenstandig steuern, Einfluss ausuben, Veranderungsstrategien entwickeln und implementieren, beraten, coachen, schulen, zusammenarbeiten und eine Verbindung zu anderen Health Professionals und dem Management herstellen. Damit Clinical-Leadership-Kompetenzen in pflegerischen Versorgungsprozessen Wirksamkeit entfalten konnen, bedarf es breiter Unterstutzung im multiprofessionellen Team, struktureller Unterstutzung der Organisation und rechtlicher Legitimation. In der deutschsprachigen Literatur finden sich kaum Studien zur Relevanz, Ausdeutung und Legitimierung von APN Clinical Leadership. Es bedarf weiterer Untersuchungen zur Ausdeutung von APN-Rollen, insbesondere zu Clinical-Leadership-Kompetenzen, dem Einfluss auf pflegerische Versorgungsprozesse, Fuhrungsstrukturen und deren Wechselwirkung innerhalb der Organisationskultur.

Uta Gaidys

Papers

Hermeneutic research in nursing: developing a Gadamerian-based research method.

Self-esteem among German nurses: does academic education make a difference?

Wahrnehmungen von Pflegenden im Bereich der Intensivpflege während der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Qualität braucht Kompetenz und Verantwortung – Herausforderungen und Perspektiven einer Advanced Nursing Practice für die Gesundheitsversorgung aus pflegewissenschaftlicher Sicht

[Clinical leadership competencies in advanced nursing practice : Scoping review].