Empirical research on gender dimensions in agricultural inputs has focused on land. This chapter reviews existing microeconomic empirical literature from the past 10 years on gender differences in use, access, and adoption of nonland agricultural inputs in developing countries. The review focuses on three key areas: (1) technological resources, (2) natural resources, and (3) human resources. In general, there has been more empirical research on inorganic fertilizer, seed varieties, and extension services than on tools and mechanization and life-cycle effects, and most of the studies are from Sub-Saharan Africa. A consistent finding is that, across different types of inputs, men generally have higher input measures than women, and that this input gap is responsible for observed productivity differences between men and women; however, this finding is often sensitive to the use of models that control for other background factors, as well as the type of gender indicator implemented in the analysis. The final section presents future directions, opportunities, and recommendations for microeconomic gender analysis of nonland agricultural inputs.

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A Review of Empirical Evidence on Gender Differences in Nonland Agricultural Inputs, Technology, and Services in Developing Countries

We investigate gender differences in agricultural productivity in Nigeria and Uganda. Results indicate persistent lower productivity on female-owned plots and among female-headed households, accoun...

Understanding the complexities surrounding gender differences in agricultural productivity in Nigeria and Uganda

http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/03/11/000158349_20130311112435/Rendered/PDF/wps6381.pdf

Caught in a productivity trap: a distributional perspective on gender differences in Malawian agriculture.

Purpose:This article contributes new empirical evidence and nuanced analysis on the gender difference in access to extension services and how this translates to observed differences in technology adoption and agricultural productivity.Approach:It looks at the case of Ethiopia, where substantial investments in the extension system have been made, but the coverage and effect of these investments on female and male producers are not well-understood. This article employs a cross-sectional instrumental-variable regression method using a regionally representative data set of more than 7500 households in four major regions in Ethiopia during the 2010 main season.Findings:Female heads of households and plot-managers are less likely to get extension services through various channels and less likely to access quality services than their male counterparts after controlling for other factors. Receiving advice from extension agents is positively related to adoption of improved seed and fertiliser for both fema...

/pdf/gender-differences-in-access-to-extension-services-and-4x63kn1qjl.pdf

Gender Differences in Access to Extension Services and Agricultural Productivity

http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/02/03/000158349_20140203112109/Rendered/PDF/WPS6764.pdf

Decomposition of gender differentials in agricultural productivity in Ethiopia

The study examined the technical efficiency of upland rice production by men and women farmers in Osun State of Nigeria using the stochastic frontier production function analysis. Primary data were...

A. A. Fajuyigbe

Papers

Technical Efficiency of Men and Women Upland Rice Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria