The results of our own supervisions as for therapeutic efficiency and safety of Vazonat application are presented in the article. It is shown that the use of Vazonat in a complex therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) favors reliable diminishing of expressivness of basic clinical syndromes of disease, diminishes activity of inflammatory process in the liver, expressivness of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes, positively influences sonographic indexes which reflect the degree of liver steatosis.

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Возможности комплексной терапии неалкогольной жировой болезни печени с использованием препарата Вазонат

Summary Four monovalent experimental vaccines (VI, V2, V3 and V7) containing an Argentinean serovar B strain (H8) of Haemophilus paragallinarum and three different commercial vaccines, either bivalent (V4 and V5) containing serovars A and C, or trivalent (V6) containing serovars A, B and C were administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular routes as a single or double dose (at 3‐week intervals) to chickens of between 6 and 10 weeks. Three to 7 weeks after the last vaccination, vaccinated and non‐vaccinated chickens were challenged by intrasinus inoculation with Argentinean serovar B strains of H. paragallinarum. When the vaccinated chickens were exposed to a severe challenge with the vaccinal strain (H8) some experimental vaccines protected, whereas all commercial vaccines failed to protect. The experimental vaccines manufactured in broth (V2, V3 and V7) protected more effectively than the vaccine produced in chicken embryos (VI). Failure of the commercial trivalent vaccine V6 to protect may be related to...

Evaluation of inactivated infectious coryza vaccines in chickens challenged by serovar B strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum

Since its introduction in 1937, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has become the most commonly used material for denture bases. This is largely due to its favourable although not ideal characteristics. One of the main problems associated with PMMA is the polymerisation shrinkage exhibited by the material. Injection moulding systems have been developed to compensate for this by continuously injecting PMMA resin at pressure throughout a carefully controlled polymerisation procedure. 

This study aimed to compare acrylic specimens processed by injection moulding and conventional pressure packing in relation to dimensional accuracy. Subsequent experiments evaluated adherence of Candida albicans to denture base materials. A cobalt chrome control denture base was used to fabricate stone moulds in which 20 injection moulded and 20 conventional pressure packed PMMA resin denture bases were produced. These denture bases incorporated 6 reference points between which sequential measurements were taken using digital callipers. Base plate adaptation was additionally measured by weighing a vinyl polysiloxane film to reproduce any discrepancy between the denture base and master model.

Linear dimensional measurements revealed that changes in dimension did not occur evenly over the entire denture base for either sample group. Injection moulded samples exhibited statistically significant differences when compared to control in two of the six measured linear dimensions. Conventional pressure packed materials exhibited a statistically significant difference in one of the measured linear dimensions compared to control. Statistically significant linear dimensional differences were determined between injection moulded and conventional pressure packed materials in three measured dimensions. For injection moulded materials, the location of the injection moulding inlet may have influenced the dimensional accuracy 

For the weighed vinyl polysiloxane data, a greater weight of material was recovered from conventional pressure packed material samples than injection moulded samples. These data demonstrate that injection moulded denture bases have superior internal surface adaptation compared to conventional pressure packed acrylic resin.

Squares of denture base material were produced by injection moulding and conventional pressure packing techniques. Self cured PMMA resin was additionally included in candidal adherence and surface morphology analysis. Profilometer testing determined self-cure resin surfaces had more irregular surface characteristics than surfaces of conventional or injection moulded samples. Conventionally processed samples exhibited the smoothest material surface. However, conventional and injection moulded sample groups were similar.

Scanning electron microscopy of the three material sample groups was performed to determine surface morphology and patterns of candidal adherence and subsequent biofilm formation. SEM examination revealed variations in surface morphology and following 1 hour, Candida albicans cells were observed to adhere and aggregate within the various surface irregularities of all three materials. Examination after 24 hours demonstrated the complex intertwining hyphae evident on all the material samples, irrespective of initial candidal adherence patterns.

No significant differences were observed between attachment of the 9 C. albicans clinical strains when tested independently against each sample group. However, comparison of the mean attachment of all strains to the 3 sample groups revealed a statistically significant difference in attachment capacity between conventional and self cured sample groups. Self cured PMMA resin samples exhibited significantly less candidal attachment than conventionally processed samples, indicating that material surface factors may play a greater role in promoting or preventing candidal adhesion that the organism per se. 

As the denture bearing mucosa is compressible and the achieved palatal seal largely dependent on the prepared post dam, small dimensional changes demonstrated in this study may be of limited clinical relevance to the success or failure of the material as a denture base. C. albicans were found to adhere to all three types of PMMA resin and if left undisturbed, Candida cells proliferated to form a biofilm upon all resin materials. Therefore, the observed differences in attachment are likely to be of limited clinical importance in the prevention of candidal infection without consideration to denture and oral hygiene.

A comparison of polymeric denture basematerials

En este estudio se determino el efecto del uso de jugo de Aloe vera (sabila) como sustrato principal de fermentacion para obtener cultivos de alta concentracion de celulas viables de dos bacterias con actividad probiotica: Lactobacillus plantarum (NCIMB 11718) y Lactobacillus casei (NRRL -1445). Se determino la velocidad especifica de crecimiento (u) de cada microorganismo en medios con diferentes concentraciones de Aloe vera comparandolos con aquellos obtenidos en cultivos crecidos en medio estandar para cultivos lacticos (MRS). Utilizando el jugo de sabila al 100%, se obtuvieron altas cuentas viables para ambas cepas (1x109 y 1 x1011 UFC/mL para L. plantarum y L. casei respectivamente) siendo la cinetica de crecimiento de ambos probioticos muy similar a la obtenida en medio estandar (u= 2,85 h-1 en Aloe vera y 3,16 h-1 en MRS para L. plantarum y u= 2,71 h-1 y 2,89 h-1 para L. casei).En este estudio se determino el efecto del uso de jugo de Aloe vera (sabila) como sustrato principal de fermentacion para obtener cultivos de alta concentracion de celulas viables de dos bacterias con actividad probiotica: Lactobacillus plantarum (NCIMB 11718) y Lactobacillus casei (NRRL -1445). Se determino la velocidad especifica de crecimiento (u) de cada microorganismo en medios con diferentes concentraciones de Aloe vera comparandolos con aquellos obtenidos en cultivos crecidos en medio estandar para cultivos lacticos (MRS). Utilizando el jugo de sabila al 100%, se obtuvieron altas cuentas viables para ambas cepas (1x109 y 1 x1011 UFC/mL para L. plantarum y L. casei respectivamente) siendo la cinetica de crecimiento de ambos probioticos muy similar a la obtenida en medio estandar (?= 2,85 h-1 en Aloe vera y 3,16 h-1 en MRS para L. plantarum y u= 2,71 h-1 y 2,89 h-1 para L. casei).

Aloe vera COMO SUSTRATO PARA EL CRECIMIENTO DE Lactobacillus plantarum y L. casei

The carrier status of Listeria monocytogenes organisms in indigenous chicken and ducks may have great impact on human health because of their zoonotic nature, particularly in an environment where humans, chicken and ducks share the same ecosystems. In Kenya, the epidemiological issues and the dynamics of carrier status for Listeria monocytogenes in local indigenous chickens and ducks have not been documented. In this study, 175 indigenous birds (55 chickens from farms, 40 chickens from market and trading centres, 41 chickens from slaughterhouses and 39 ducks from farms) were sampled Samples taken included oropharyngeal and faecal swabs (cloacal and intestinal swabs). Bacteriological isolation and characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes, other Listeria species and other aerobic bacteria was carried out The recovered Listeria isolates were tested for antibiotic and disinfectant sensitivities. Eight commonly used antibiotics and 7 disinfectants were tested. Disinfectant sensitivity was also done on pooled bacterial cultures from farms. Listeria species isolated were Listeria monocytogenes (2), L. innocua (3),L.seeligeri (2),L. grayi (1) and L. murrayi (1). They were recovered from both farms and markets and only from chickens; not from ducks. Other bacteria that were isolated from both chicken and ducks and from farms, market and slaughterhouses, belonged to the genera: Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Escherichia and Erysipelothrix.

Carrier status, antibiotic and disinfectant sensitivity patterns of Listeria Monocytogenes and other aerobic bacteria in scavenging chickens and ducks.

The survival rate, p , of a measured inoculum of Staph. aureus in a standard volume of denbrinated blood, is a reliable quantitative measure of the bactericidal power of blood. The number of viable organisms in the inoculum and in the blood-bacterium mixture may be estimated with the necessary accuracy by counts of colonies developing from measured volumes of the fluids let fall on to the surface of solid media. Fildes' agar was the most suitable medium for this surface-viable count, and was selected on the basis of four criteria; of the media tested it yielded the highest counts, and the counts conformed most closely to a Poisson series; and on it the mean colony size was maximum, and the coefficient of variation of colony size was minimum. On this medium, the close conformity of the separate count values to a Poisson series enabled the standard error of the survival rate to be determined from a simplification of the general expression for the standard error of a ratio. The number of colonies growing from a sample of a blood-bacterium mixture may be reduced, not by killing of the individual cocci, but as a result of their aggregation either by agglutinins in the blood, or in the cytoplasm of leucocytes that are phagocytic but not bactericidal. It appears that these mechanisms are unlikely to operate in blood-bacterium mixture containing relatively few organisms; in such mixtures the survival rate is a reflexion of the killing power only. The immunological significance of p has not been investigated, but the range of values for healthy human adults differs significantly from that for sufferers from chronic staphylococcal infection. Moreover, by the technique employed differences may be detected between individual values of p that cannot reasonably be attributed to technical or sampling errors.

A. A. Miles

Papers

The Estimation of the Bactericidal Power of the Blood. With a Note by J. O. IRWIN.