A key challenge of future mobile communication research is to strike an attractive compromise between wireless network's area spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. This necessitates a clean-slate approach to wireless system design, embracing the rich body of existing knowledge, especially on multiple-input-multiple-ouput (MIMO) technologies. This motivates the proposal of an emerging wireless communications concept conceived for single-radio-frequency (RF) large-scale MIMO communications, which is termed as SM. The concept of SM has established itself as a beneficial transmission paradigm, subsuming numerous members of the MIMO system family. The research of SM has reached sufficient maturity to motivate its comparison to state-of-the-art MIMO communications, as well as to inspire its application to other emerging wireless systems such as relay-aided, cooperative, small-cell, optical wireless, and power-efficient communications. Furthermore, it has received sufficient research attention to be implemented in testbeds, and it holds the promise of stimulating further vigorous interdisciplinary research in the years to come. This tutorial paper is intended to offer a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey on SM-MIMO research, to provide a critical appraisal of its potential advantages, and to promote the discussion of its beneficial application areas and their research challenges leading to the analysis of the technological issues associated with the implementation of SM-MIMO. The paper is concluded with the description of the world's first experimental activities in this vibrant research field.

https://hal-supelec.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00840278/document

Spatial Modulation for Generalized MIMO: Challenges, Opportunities, and Implementation

In this paper, a novel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, called OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM), is proposed for operation over frequency-selective and rapidly time-varying fading channels In this scheme, the information is conveyed not only by M-ary signal constellations as in classical OFDM, but also by the indices of the subcarriers, which are activated according to the incoming bit stream Different low complexity transceiver structures based on maximum likelihood detection or log-likelihood ratio calculation are proposed and a theoretical error performance analysis is provided for the new scheme operating under ideal channel conditions Then, the proposed scheme is adapted to realistic channel conditions such as imperfect channel state information and very high mobility cases by modifying the receiver structure The approximate pairwise error probability of OFDM-IM is derived under channel estimation errors For the mobility case, several interference unaware/aware detection methods are proposed for the new scheme It is shown via computer simulations that the proposed scheme achieves significantly better error performance than classical OFDM due to the information bits carried by the indices of OFDM subcarriers under both ideal and realistic channel conditions

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing With Index Modulation

Multiple-antenna techniques constitute a key technology for modern wireless communications, which trade-off superior error performance and higher data rates for increased system complexity and cost. Among the many transmission principles that exploit multiple-antenna at either the transmitter, the receiver, or both, Spatial Modulation (SM) is a novel and recently proposed multiple-antenna transmission technique that can offer, with a very low system complexity, improved data rates compared to Single-Input- Single-Output (SISO) systems, and robust error performance even in correlated channel environments. SM is an entirely new modulation concept that exploits the uniqueness and randomness properties of the wireless channel for communication. This is achieved by adopting a simple but effective coding mechanism that establishes a one-to-one mapping between blocks of information bits to be transmitted and the spatial positions of the transmit-antenna in the antenna-array. In this article, we summarize the latest research achievements and outline some relevant open research issues of this recently proposed transmission technique.

/pdf/spatial-modulation-for-multiple-antenna-wireless-systems-a-58fmrz2z2w.pdf

Spatial modulation for multiple-antenna wireless systems: a survey

What is index modulation (IM)? This is an interesting question that we have started to hear more and more frequently over the past few years. The aim of this paper is to answer this question in a comprehensive manner by covering not only the basic principles and emerging variants of IM, but also reviewing the most recent as well as promising advances in this field toward the application scenarios foreseen in next-generation wireless networks. More specifically, we investigate three forms of IM: spatial modulation, channel modulation and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with IM, which consider the transmit antennas of a multiple-input multiple-output system, the radio frequency mirrors (parasitic elements) mounted at a transmit antenna and the subcarriers of an OFDM system for IM techniques, respectively. We present the up-to-date advances in these three promising frontiers and discuss possible future research directions for IM-based schemes toward low-complexity, spectrum- and energy-efficient next-generation wireless networks.

Index Modulation Techniques for Next-Generation Wireless Networks

A key challenge of future mobile communication research is to strike an attractive compromise between wire- less network's area spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. This necessitates a clean-slate approach to wireless system design, embracing the rich body of existing knowledge, espe- cially on multiple-input-multiple-ouput (MIMO) technologies. This motivates the proposal of an emerging wireless commu- nications concept conceived for single-radio-frequency (RF) large-scale MIMO communications, which is termed as SM. The concept of SM has established itself as a beneficial transmission paradigm, subsuming numerous members of the MIMO system family. The research of SM has reached sufficient maturity to motivate its comparison to state-of-the-art MIMO communica- tions, as well as to inspire its application to other emerging wireless systems such as relay-aided, cooperative, small-cell, optical wireless, and power-efficient communications. Further- more, it has received sufficient research attention to be im- plemented in testbeds, and it holds the promise of stimulating further vigorous interdisciplinary research in the years to come. This tutorial paper is intended to offer a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey on SM-MIMO research, to provide a critical appraisal of its potential advantages, and to promote the discussion of its beneficial application areas and their research challenges leading to the analysis of the technological issues associated with the implementation of SM-MIMO. The paper is concluded with the description of the world's first experimental activities in this vibrant research field.

Spatial Modulation for Generalized MIMO: Challenges, Opportunities, and Implementation This tutorial paper offers a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in spatial modulation for generalized multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technologies.

In this paper, we present space shift keying (SSK) as a new modulation scheme, which is based on spatial modulation (SM) concepts. Fading is exploited for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) channels to provide better performance over conventional amplitude/phase modulation (APM) techniques. In SSK, it is the antenna index used during transmission that relays information, rather than the transmitted symbols themselves. This absence of symbol information eliminates the transceiver elements necessary for APM transmission and detection (such as coherent detectors). As well, the simplicity involved in modulation reduces the detection complexity compared to that of SM, while achieving almost identical performance gains. Throughout the paper, we illustrate SSK's strength by studying its interaction with the fading channel. We obtain tight upper bounds on bit error probability, and discuss SSK's performance under some non-ideal channel conditions (estimation error and spatial correlation). Analytical and simulation results show performance gains over APM systems (3 dB at a bit error rate of 10-5), making SSK an interesting candidate for future wireless applications. We then extend SSK concepts to incorporate channel coding, where in particular, we consider a bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) system using iterative decoding for both convolutional and turbo codes. Capacity results are derived, and improvements over APM are illustrated (up to 1 bits/s/Hz), with performance gains of up to 5 dB.

/pdf/space-shift-keying-modulation-for-mimo-channels-4za6dmyo4w.pdf

A. Ceron

Papers

Space shift keying modulation for MIMO channels