MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.

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MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education

The ac power flow problem can be solved efficiently by Newton's method. Only five iterations, each equivalent to about seven of the widely used Gauss-Seidel method, are required for an exact solution. Problem dependent memory and time requirements vary approximately in direct proportion to problem size. Problems of 500 to 1000 nodes can be solved on computers with 32K core memory. The method, introduced in 1961, has been made practical by optimally ordered Gaussian elimination and special programming techniques. Equations, programming details, and examples of solutions of large problems are given.

Power Flow Solution by Newton's Method

A survey is presented on the currently available numerical techniques for power-system load-flow calculation using the digital computer. The review deals with methods that have received widespread practical application, recent attractive developments, and other methods that have interesting or useful characteristics. The analytical bases, computational requirements, and comparative numerical performances of the methods are discussed. Attention is given to the problems and techniques of adjustments in load-flow solutions, and the suitabilities of various methods for modern applications such as security monitoring and optimal load flow are examined.

Review of load-flow calculation methods

A survey is presented of publications in the fields of optimal power flow and dispatching. It suggests a classification of methods based on the choice of optimization techniques. The survey is summarized in a single flow-chart-type figure, which indicates the relationship between methods, their chronology, and their popularity. This figure is based on a compilation of over three hundred publications. >

A survey of the optimal power flow literature

A review is given of the progress of optimal dispatch, also called economic dispatch, since its inception to the present in chronological sequence. The classic single area as well as multiarea cases are summarized, and the important theoretical work in optimal load flows suggested to date reviewed. Approaches to the optimal load flow taken by industry are also reported, as well as an itemization of problems that still remain to be solved.

Optimal power dispatch: a comprehensive survey

Automatic Calculation of Load Flows

Short-Range Economic Operation of a Combined Thermal and Hydroelectric Power System [includes discussion]

Analysis of Losses in Loop-Interconnected Systems [includes discussion]

Significant progress in the analysis of transmission losses has been made in the past several years by the development of transmission loss formulas which express losses in terms of plant and interconnection loadings. These loss formulas have been of great value in such problems as economic scheduling of generation interconnected system billing, and system planning. In 1951 a new method of deriving a transmission loss formula was described, which required considerably less network analyzer measurements and arithmetic calculations. This paper presents further simplifications and improvements in the calculation of transmission loss formulas, and is intended to provide a simple exposition of the calculating procedure involved in calculating a loss formula. This paper will also discuss the application of a small automatic digital computer to the calculation of a loss formula. Use of this computer has resulted in substantially reducing the time required to calculate a loss formula.

Loss Formulas Made Easy [includes discussion]

THE OPERATION of an electrical network may be defined by means of driving-point and transfer impedances. According to the American Standard Definitions of Electrical Terms, the driving-point impedance at any pair of terminals of a network is the ratio of an applied potential difference to the resultant current at these terminals, all terminals being terminated in any specified manner. Similarly, the transfer impedance between any two pairs of terminals of a network is the ratio of a potential difference applied at one pair of terminals to the resultant current at the other pair of terminals, all terminals being terminated in any specified manner.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6413714/6442421/06442437.pdf

A. F. Glimn

Papers

Automatic Calculation of Load Flows

Short-Range Economic Operation of a Combined Thermal and Hydroelectric Power System [includes discussion]

Analysis of Losses in Loop-Interconnected Systems [includes discussion]

Loss Formulas Made Easy [includes discussion]

Digital calculation of network impedances