Recent accelerator experiments on fusion of various elements have clearly demonstrated that the effective cross-sections of these reactions depend on what material the target particle is placed in. In these experiments, there was a significant increase in the probability of interaction when target nuclei are imbedded in a conducting crystal or are a part of it. These experiments open a new perspective on the problem of so-called cold nuclear fusion.

http://www.coldfusion-power.com/uploads/7/3/6/7/7367632/1-s2.0-s0168583x1500052x-main-nimb.pdf

Cold nuclear fusion

Transmutation reactions in highly loaded hydrides have been reported by a number of research groups. These studies are briefly summarized with emphasis on common systematics and key “signatures”. Transmutations divide into two types: heavy intermediate compound nucleus reactions yielding an array of products with a large spectrum of masses; direct reactions between H/D and the electrode metal or impurity atoms yielding isolated “single” products. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the products and the ability to overcome the extremely large Columbic repulsion of the high-Z elements involved. Here we briefly consider a model involving orbital mixing and virtual neutron formation associated with charge accumulation and hydrogen/deuteron flow at highly loaded interfaces.

/pdf/review-of-transmutation-reactions-in-solids-2m20zgrcat.pdf

Review of transmutation reactions in solids

Issues involved in the tunneling of deuterons in metal deuterides are considered in relation to experimental claims of anomalies in metal deuterides. From earlier studies, screening is thought to be similar to the case of molecular D2. Resonant tunneling has been advocated in the literature as a possible mechanism to achieve tunneling enhancements. We develop a two-level system for a piecewise constant potential model for resonant tunneling that matches the energy levels in the vicinity of a level crossing, arguing that such models are applicable for more general potential models. Resonant tunneling effects and dynamics, including acceleration due to coherence, are accounted for in the model. The model is extended to include relaxation effects, and it is found that one would not expect to find coherent effects associated with tunneling in the case of two deuterons in a metal lattice. We present a simple model for the transfer of excitation from a collection of deuterons to a collection of helium nuclei, a model closely related to resonant tunneling and also to new phonon-coupled SU(N) models under development. The excitation transfer models show coherent enhancements as well as collective effects.

/pdf/resonant-tunneling-and-resonant-excitation-transfer-471dl1ja58.pdf

Resonant Tunneling and Resonant Excitation Transfer

of a paper to be present at the March 2004 meeting of American Physical Society. These abstracts can be seen at the APS web site: http://www.eps.org/aps/meet/MAR03/baps/abs/S9530.html 28) J.Bockris “Early Contributions From Workers at Texas A&M University to (So-Caled) Low Energy Nuclear Reactions.”Journal of New Energy, Vol 4, no 2, 1999, p. 40 29) J. Bockris, G. Lin, and N. Packham " A Review of the Investigations of the Fleischmann-Pons Phenomena," in Fusion Technology , 18, 11-31, August (1990) 30) M. Miles, and B.F. Bush, "Heat and Helium Measurements in Deuterated Palladium." Trans. Fusion Technol., Vol. 26(4T), p. 156., 1994. 31). Y. Arata, and Y. Zhang, "Helium (He-4, He-3) within deuterated Pd-black." Proc. Japan Acad. B, Vol. 73, p. 1, 1997. 32) T. Ohmori et al. (1996), “Iron Formation in Gold and Paladium Cathodes,” J. New Energy, vol 1, no 1, pp 15-22. 33) G. Miley, et al., 2000. "Advances in Thin-Film Electrode Experiments;" 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. Lerici, Italy. This paper is downloadable from the library at http://www.lenr-canr.org 34) Y. Iwamura et al. “Energy Nuclear Transmutation In Condensed Matter Induced By D2 Gas Permeation Through Pd Complexes: Correlation Between Deuterium Flux And Nuclear Products” This paper is available over the Internet (see ref 1 above). 35) Y. Iwamura et al. “Elemental Analysis of Pd Complexes: Effects of D2 gas permeation. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41 (2002), pp. 4642-4648. 36) T. Higashiyama et al. “Low Energy Nuclear Transmutation In Condensed Matter Induced By D2 Gas Permeation Through Pd Complexes: Correlation Between Deuterium Flux And Nuclear Products.” This paper is available over the Internet (see ref 1 above). 37) The executive summary of the Energy Research Advisory Board (ERAB) report can be found in (5). The "Cold Fusion Research. A Report of the Energy Research Advisory Board to the United States Department of Energy," can be downloaded from the Internet site: http://www.ncas.org/erab).

/pdf/recent-cold-fusion-claims-are-they-valid-j5n4k9yzmp.pdf

Recent Cold Fusion Claims:. are they Valid?

A high current discharge apparatus with pulsed power supply has been constructed and successfully demonstrated an intense "anomalous" (exceeding direct charged particle Bremsstrahlung) X-ray emission in the 1-2 keV range. Representative experimental results are presented. A possible mechanism to explain the anomalous emissions is a coherent generation of soft X-ray quanta induced by simultaneous coherent D-diffusion process near the cathode's surface. This combined with continuous high current deuteron bombardment results in the penetration of recoil deuterons into the inner electron shell of the cathode material generating x-ray emission.

Studies of Intense X-Ray Emission from a Plasma Discharge-Hydride Target

Using noiseless solid-state CR-39 plastic track and A1203 :C thermo-luminescent detectors, the yields of 3.0 MeV protons from DD-reaction and soft x-ray photons emitted from the cathode were studied in the periodic pulsing deuterium glow discharge with titanium cathodes at low discharge voltages (in the range 0.8-2.5 kV) and high current density (300-600 mA/cm2). The analysis of DD-proton yield versus accelerating voltages allowed us to estimate the deuteron screening potential value Us in the deuteron energy range of 0.8 < E d < 2.45 keV. A strong DD-reaction enhancement was found in the glow discharge (the effective screening potential U, = 610 f 150 eV was found) compared to that for accelerator experiments at higher deuteron energies (Elab 2 2.5 keV) and lower beam current density (50-500 pA/cm2). X-ray measurements showed an intense ( I x = 1013 1014 s-1cm-2 ) soft x-ray emission (with a mean energy Ex = 1.2 1.5 keV) directly from the titanium cathode. The x-ray yield is strongly dependent on the deuterium diffusivity in the near the surface layer of cathode.

Strong enhancement of dd-reaction accompanied by x-ray generation in a pulsed low voltage high-current deuterium glow discharge with a titanium cathode

A. G. Lipson

Papers

Strong enhancement of dd-reaction accompanied by x-ray generation in a pulsed low voltage high-current deuterium glow discharge with a titanium cathode