https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00836.x

Platelet activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus

The application of ozone in dentistry: a systematic review of literature.

After five decades characterized by empiricism and several pitfalls, some of the basic mechanisms of action of ozone in pulmonary toxicology and in medicine have been clarified. The present knowledge allows to understand the prolonged inhalation of ozone can be very deleterious first for the lungs and successively for the whole organism. On the other hand, a small ozone dose well calibrated against the potent antioxidant capacity of blood can trigger several useful biochemical mechanisms and reactivate the antioxidant system. In detail, firstly ex vivo and second during the infusion of ozonated blood into the donor, the ozone therapy approach involves blood cells and the endothelium, which by transferring the ozone messengers to billions of cells will generate a therapeutic effect. Thus, in spite of a common prejudice, single ozone doses can be therapeutically used in selected human diseases without any toxicity or side effects. Moreover, the versatility and amplitude of beneficial effect of ozone applications have become evident in orthopedics, cutaneous, and mucosal infections as well as in dentistry.

/pdf/the-ozone-paradox-ozone-is-a-strong-oxidant-as-well-as-a-2tkhc5as10.pdf

The ozone paradox: ozone is a strong oxidant as well as a medical drug.

Introduction -- Chapter 1 Physical-chemical properties of ozone. natural production of ozone. the toxicology of ozone -- Chapter 2 How ozone is generated and its concentrations measured? -- Chapter 3 Preparation of ozonated water and oil for the topical therapy. ozone as a drinking water disinfectant. ozone disinfection to prevent nosocomial infections.-Chapter 4 How does ozone act? how and why can we avoid ozone toxicity? -- Chapter 5 How is ozone administered? -- Chapter 6 The actual six therapeutic modalities -- Chapter 7 The potential toxicity of ozone. side effects and contraindications of ozone therapy -- Chapter 8 Is ozone really a “wonder drug”? -- Chapter 9 The clinical application of ozone therapy -- Chapter 10 The dilemma between hyperbaric oxygen therapy (hot) and ozone therapy -- Chapter 11 The promising future of ozone therapy in medicine.

OZONE A New Medical Drug

Ozone is an intrinsically toxic gas and its hazardous employment has led to a poor consideration of ozone therapy. The aim of this review is to indicate that a wrong dogma and several misconceptions thwart progress: in reality, properly performed ozone therapy, carried out by expert physicians, can be very useful when orthodox medicine appears inadequate. The unbelievable versatility of ozone therapy is due to the cascade of ozone-derived compounds able to act on several targets leading to a multifactorial correction of a pathological state. During the past decade, contrary to all expectations, it has been demonstrated that the judicious application of ozone in chronic infectious diseases, vasculopathies, orthopedics and even dentistry has yielded such striking results that it is deplorable that the medical establishment continues to ignore ozone therapy.

/pdf/ozone-as-janus-this-controversial-gas-can-be-either-toxic-or-5391gzgu0b.pdf

Ozone as Janus: this controversial gas can be either toxic or medically useful.

Twenty-seven subjects suffering from peripheral occlusive arterial disease (POAD, clinical stage II–III according to Fontaine) were enrolled in this study to evaluate the effect of oxygen-ozone therapy upon hemorheological parameters and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in patients with POAD. All patients underwent a major ozonized autohemotransfusion consisting of the slow reinfusion of 100 ml of autologous blood, previously exposed to a O2-O3 mixture in a glass box for 10 min. Whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte filterability, hematocrit, and fibrinogen levels were assessed at the basal time and 30 min after the reinfusion of ozonized blood. At the same time p50 standard (p50std) values (an indicator of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity) and plasma values of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation) were evaluated. At the baseline, patients had significantly higher (p<0.05–p<0.001) whole blood viscosity, MDA, and p50std values and significantly lower blood filterability (p<0.01) as compared with 20 matched healthy volunteers (controls). Thirty minutes after the end of a major autohemotransfusion, whole blood viscosity significantly decreased (p<0.01). This was accompanied by a significant fall in plasma fibrinogen level (p<0.01) with no change in hematocrit. Blood filterability, MDA plasma level, and p50std values increased significantly at the same time (p<0.01–p<0.005). The 2,3–DPG value did not change significantly. No significant changes occurred when the same patients received a non-ozonized autohemotransfusion (control test). In conclusion, ozonized autohemotransfusion may be useful to improve both the poor rheological properties of the blood and the oxygen delivery to tissues in patients suffering from POAD.

Ozonized autohemotransfusion improves hemorheological parameters and oxygen delivery to tissues in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease.

We evaluated the effect of insulin on platelet function, blood viscosity, and filterability in healthy subjects and in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Fifteen diabetic patients were free from cardiovascular complications (group A), while the other 15 patients had both clinical and measured evidence of coronary or peripheral vascular disease (group B); 15 non-diabetic subjects served as controls. On blood samples taken without stasis, maximal platelet aggregation to 1.25 micromol l(-1) ADP, blood and plasma viscosity, and blood filterability were measured in basal conditions, and after incubation of blood, plasma or platelet-rich plasma with insulin at two physiological concentrations (120 and 480 pmol l(-1)). Compared with healthy subjects, the diabetic patients of group B had higher values of blood (p < 0.01) and plasma (p < 0.05) viscosity, and platelet aggregation response to ADP (p < 0.01), as well as lower values of blood filterability (p < 0.01). The diabetic patients of group A had values intermediate between normal subjects and the patients of group B. In non-diabetic subjects, insulin significantly decreased platelet aggregation and blood viscosity at low shear rates (22.5 s(-1)) (p < 0.01 for both), and had no significant effects on other parameters. In the diabetic patients of group A, insulin decreased blood viscosity at high (225 s(-1)) rates of shear (p < 0.01) and increased blood filterability (p < 0.01). The effects of insulin were not dose-related. In the diabetic patients of group B, none of the parameters evaluated was significantly influenced by insulin. Type 2 diabetic patients present many abnormalities of the rheologic properties of blood. The beneficial effects of insulin on platelet aggregation and blood viscosity are not evident in Type 2 diabetic patients, especially those with vascular complications and this may be relevant to the development of those complications.

Effect of insulin on blood rheology in non-diabetic subjects and in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Ozonized autohaemotransfusion could be a potential rapid-acting antidepressant medication in elderly patients.

In women, iron deficiency anemia-a result of chronic iron loss-is most common during the reproductive years because of physiologic demands such as menstrual blood losses and pregnancy. In other cases, iron deficiency anemia is generally attributed to occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Common causes of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss include erosive esophagitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, vascular ectasias, colon adenomas, and cancers. Bleeding from the small intestine at sites beyond the duodenal bulb is uncommon. The lesions of the small intestine are responsible for approximately 4% of gastrointestinal bleeding [7]. In this report we describe a case of persistent iron deficiency anemia due to carcinoid tumor of the small intestine.

A. Grassia

Papers

Ozonized autohemotransfusion improves hemorheological parameters and oxygen delivery to tissues in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease.

Effect of insulin on blood rheology in non-diabetic subjects and in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Ozonized autohaemotransfusion could be a potential rapid-acting antidepressant medication in elderly patients.

A 69-year-old woman with persistent iron deficiency anemia