Conductive polymers: towards a smart biomaterial for tissue engineering.

Conducting polymers (CPs) such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh) are used for the corrosion protection of metals and metal alloys. Several groups have reported diverse views about the corrosion protection by CPs and hence various mechanisms have been suggested to explain anticorrosion properties of CPs. These include anodic protection, controlled inhibitor release as well as barrier protection mechanisms. Different approaches have been developed for the use of CPs in protective coatings (dopants, composites, blends). A judicious choice of synthesis parameters leads to an improvement in the anticorrosion properties of the coatings prepared by CPs for metals and their alloys. This article is prepared as a review of the application of CPs for corrosion protection of metal alloys.

Conducting polymers for corrosion protection: a review

Corrosion performance of conducting polymer coatings applied on mild steel

Electrochemical supercapacitor electrode material based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polypyrrole composite

Protective polymeric films for industrial substrates: A critical review on past and recent applications with conducting polymers and polymer composites/nanocomposites

Thin copper-electrodeposited films have been prepared on steel substrates from an additive-free copper sulfate bath by applying different current signals such as rectangular and square wave pulses, triangular waveform and also by direct current with variation of its magnitude. Mechanical properties of these films have been studied by means of dynamic microindentation measurements known as the universal microhardness test. Values of the hardness, plastic component, Young's modulus and percent of elastic recovery have been measured. In order to obtain the preferential orientation and grain size of the electrodeposits, X-ray diffraction studies have been made as well as scanning electron microscopy to evaluate their morphology. All the deposits showed a preferential orientation but without a simple correlation with the mechanical features of the films. The influence of current density on microhardness through its effect on grain size has been found to obey the Hall–Petch relationship in the nanometer range. Finally, correlations between the mechanical properties of the electrodeposits and the electrodeposition parameters have been made. These kinds of studies raise the possibility of tailoring films with good mechanical performance for different technological applications just by selecting the appropriate electrodeposition conditions.

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Mechanical and structural properties of electrodeposited copper and their relation with the electrodeposition parameters

Electrochemical and mechanical properties of polypyrrole coatings on steel

Electroactive polymer films of polyaniline, poly-o-toluidine and a composite of both were deposited on stainless steel and their performance as protective coatings against corrosion was evaluated. Open circuit potential and potentiodynamic studies of the polymer-coated stainless steel in a corrosive medium showed a significant shift in the corrosion potential towards more positive values. Mechanical characteristics of the films were evaluated by means of microhardness measurements, revealing nonelastic films in all cases and low hardness values that increased from polyaniline to poly-o-toluidine to the composite. The best results were obtained in the case of the polyaniline-o-toluidine composite.

Electroactive polymer films for stainless steel corrosion protection

Nanocrystalline nickel films have been prepared via pulse electrodeposition on steel substrates from an additive-free sulfamate-type bath. The mechanical properties of the films have been analyzed with respect to the parameters of various current programs. The mechanical properties of these films were determined using dynamic microindentation measurements known as the universal microhardness test. The hardness, plastic component, Young's modulus and percent of elastic recovery have been measured. Increasing the peak current density was more effective at improving the mechanical response of the films than varying the pulse-on time. In addition, X-ray diffraction studies have been performed to obtain the preferential orientation and grain size of the electrodeposits and scanning electron microscopy used to evaluate their morphology. All deposits exhibited a preferential orientation, and the highest performing films have been analyzed with respect to their mechanical properties. The effect of grain size, in the nanometer range, has been determined for variations in the microhardness with current density confirming the Hall–Petch relationship. These studies allow films to be tailored with good mechanical performance for various technological applications by simply selecting the appropriate electrodeposition conditions.

A. Ibáñez

Papers

Mechanical and structural properties of electrodeposited copper and their relation with the electrodeposition parameters

Electrochemical and mechanical properties of polypyrrole coatings on steel

Electroactive polymer films for stainless steel corrosion protection

Effect of the pulse plating parameters on the mechanical properties of nickel electrodeposits