Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Beyond the cosmological standard model

Seventy five years ago, three remarkable papers by Schr¨ odinger, Kennard and Darwin were published. They were devoted to the evolution of Gaussian wave packets for an oscillator, a free particle and a particle moving in uniform constant electric and magnetic fields. From the contemporary point of view, these packets can be considered as prototypes of the coherent and squeezed states, which are, in a sense, the cornerstones of modern quantum optics. Moreover, these states are frequently used in many other areas, from solid state physics to cosmology. This paper gives a review of studies performed in the field of so-called ‘nonclassical states’ (squeezed states are their simplest representatives) over the past seventy five years, both in quantum optics and in other branches of quantum physics. My starting point is to elucidate who introduced different concepts, notions and terms, when, and what were the initial motivations of the authors. Many new references have been found which enlarge the ‘standard citation package’ used by some authors, recovering many undeservedly forgotten (or unnoticed) papers and names. Since it is practically impossible to cite several thousand publications, I have tried to include mainly references to papers introducing new types of quantum states and studying their properties, omitting many publications devoted to applications and to the methods of generation and experimental schemes, which can be found in other well known reviews. I also mainly concentrate on the initial period, which terminated approximately at the border between the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, when several fundamental experiments on the generation of squeezed states were performed and the first conferences devoted to squeezed and ‘nonclassical’ states commenced. The 1990s are described in a more ‘squeezed’ manner: I have confined myself to references to papers where some new concepts have been introduced, and to the most recent reviews or papers with extensive bibliographical lists.

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'Nonclassical' states in quantum optics: a 'squeezed' review of the first 75 years

We consider the general problem of determining the steady state of stochastic nonequilibrium systems such as those that have been used to model (among other things) biological transport and traffic flow. We begin with a broad overview of this class of driven-diffusive systems—which includes exclusion processes—focusing on interesting physical properties, such as shocks and phase transitions. We then turn our attention specifically to those models for which the exact distribution of microstates in the steady state can be expressed in a matrix-product form. In addition to a gentle introduction to this matrix-product approach, how it works and how it relates to similar constructions that arise in other physical contexts, we present a unified, pedagogical account of the various means by which the statistical mechanical calculations of macroscopic physical quantities are actually performed. We also review a number of more advanced topics, including nonequilibrium free-energy functionals, the classification of exclusion processes involving multiple particle species, existence proofs of a matrix-product state for a given model and more complicated variants of the matrix-product state that allow various types of parallel dynamics to be handled. We conclude with a brief discussion of open problems for future research.

Nonequilibrium steady states of matrix-product form: a solver's guide

After a decade and a half of research motivated by the accelerating universe, theory and experiment have a reached a certain level of maturity. The development of theoretical models beyond \Lambda, or smooth dark energy, often called modified gravity, has led to broader insights into a path forward, and a host of observational and experimental tests have been developed. In this review we present the current state of the field and describe a framework for anticipating developments in the next decade. We identify the guiding principles for rigorous and consistent modifications of the standard model, and discuss the prospects for empirical tests. We begin by reviewing attempts to consistently modify Einstein gravity in the infrared, focusing on the notion that additional degrees of freedom introduced by the modification must screen themselves from local tests of gravity. We categorize screening mechanisms into three broad classes: mechanisms which become active in regions of high Newtonian potential, those in which first derivatives become important, and those for which second derivatives are important. Examples of the first class, such as f(R) gravity, employ the familiar chameleon or symmetron mechanisms, whereas examples of the last class are galileon and massive gravity theories, employing the Vainshtein mechanism. In each case, we describe the theories as effective theories. We describe experimental tests, summarizing laboratory and solar system tests and describing in some detail astrophysical and cosmological tests. We discuss future tests which will be sensitive to different signatures of new physics in the gravitational sector. Parts that are more relevant to theorists vs. observers/experimentalists are clearly indicated, in the hope that this will serve as a useful reference for both audiences, as well as helping those interested in bridging the gap between them.

Beyond the Cosmological Standard Model

The quantum group SU(2)q is discussed by a method analogous to that used by Schwinger to develop the quantum theory of angular momentum Such theory of the q-analogue of the quantum harmonic oscillator, as is required for this purpose, is developed

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0305-4470/22/21/020/pdf

On q-analogues of the quantum harmonic oscillator and the quantum group SU(2)q

Invariant tensors for simple groups

Generalised harmonic oscillator systems and their Fock space description

Fractional supersymmetry denotes a generalization of supersymmetry which may be constructed using a single real generalized Grassmann variable, θ=θ,θn=0, for arbitrary integer n=2,3,.... An explicit formula is given in the case of general n for the transformations that leave the theory invariant, and it is shown that these transformations possess interesting group properties. It is shown also that the two generalized derivatives that enter the theory have a geometric interpretation as generators of left and right transformations of the fractional supersymmetry group. Careful attention is paid to some technically important issues, including differentiation, that arise as a result of the peculiar nature of quantities such as θ.

Group theoretical foundations of fractional supersymmetry

https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2933050/1101_11957y.pdf

A.J. Macfarlane

Papers

On q-analogues of the quantum harmonic oscillator and the quantum group SU(2)q

Invariant tensors for simple groups

Generalised harmonic oscillator systems and their Fock space description

Group theoretical foundations of fractional supersymmetry

New supersymmetry of the monopole