Showing papers by "A. K. Gupta published in 2014"
01 Feb 2014
32 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The stem bark of Moringa oleifera was digested with HNO3 and HClO4 (4:1) and the contents of trace elements such as As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Abstract: The stem bark of Moringa oleifera were digested with HNO3 and HClO4 (4:1) and the contents of trace elements such as As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy The presence of beneficial element ie, Fe, Zn, K, Mg, Mn, Ca, Co, Ni are within limit The concentration of heavy trace elements Cr, Cd and Pb are within limit, but the concentration of Cu and as are high
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Phytochemical study was carried out on the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica and two compounds were isolated and identified; that are quercetin and -sitosterol.
Abstract: A Phytochemical study was carried out on the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica. By using different chromatographic techniques the separation of the chemical compounds were done and structure of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance as well as mass spectrometry. Two compounds were isolated and identified; that are quercetin and -sitosterol.
7 citations
08 Dec 2014
TL;DR: Pre-soaking and foliar spray of gibberellic acid 100ppm was found to be the best for early emergence of spike and the plant growth regulators significantly responded for enhancing post-harvest life of cut gladiolus spike.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the response of pre harvest application of gibberellic acid and kinetin on post harvest life of gladiolus cv. Jessica. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design, replicated thrice, with two levels of gibberellic acid i.e. 100ppm, 200ppm and kinetin i.e 50ppm, 100ppm by dipping the corms overnight and foliar spray during growth period. The laboratory experiment was laid out in completely randomized design, replicated thrice, with sucrose 4 percent and 8-HQC at 200ppm as vase solution to increase the post harvest life of cut flower. The plant growth regulators significantly responded for enhancing post-harvest life of cut gladiolus spike. Pre-soaking and foliar spray of gibberellic acid 100ppm was found to be the best for early emergence of spike, maximum number of florets per spike, daily elongation of spike and enhanced period for elongation of spike, increased water uptake, delayed opening of basal floret, more number of florets per spike open at the time of senescence of basal floret and before stem collapse, prolonged longevity, increased total anthocyanin, carotenoid content and reduced pH of vase solution.
6 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Vital aspects of histone deacetylases, their classification and importance of hydroxamic acid based histoneDeacetylase inhibitor as anticancer agent are focused on.
Abstract: Histone deacetylases are set of enzymes that have been of interest in drug discovery for the last more than 3 decades. They are responsible for cleaving of acetyl groups from acetyl-lysine residues in histones and various non-histone proteins. Histone deacetylase inhibition is a contemporary, clinically validated therapeutic tactic for cancer treatment. Hydroxamic acid derivatives are among the first compounds to be identified as histone deacetylase inhibitors, comprising of three structural units namely, the surface recognition domain generally a hydrophobic group, linker domain consist of linear or cyclic structures and zinc binding group. In the present review, we are focusing on vital aspects of histone deacetylases, their classification and importance of hydroxamic acid based histone deacetylase inhibitor as anticancer agent.
4 citations
TL;DR: The data showed that the low body weight and high carbohydrate intake are associated with increased insulin requirement and the clinical implications of the study are to check the carbohydrate intake in patients with high insulin requirement.
Abstract: Aims Insulin requirement varies between patients with diabetes due to insulin resistance. The clinical profile of patients based on their insulin requirement has not been studied earlier. We stratified the patients based on total daily insulin requirement (TDIR) and studied their clinical profile and carbohydrate consumption. Materials & methods Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes (aged 30–75 years, using stable insulin dose for last 6 months, HbA1c between 6–7.5 %, negative screening tests for Acromegaly and Cushing's disease) participated in this clinical observational study. All patients with major illness, surgery or diabetic ketoacidosis were excluded. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (TDIR n = 30), Group 2 (TDIR 1–2 U/kg, n = 20) and Group 3 (TDIR > 2 U/kg, n = 10). Data are presented as mean ± S.D and comparison between three groups was done using one way ANOVA test. Results The patients (27M: 33F) had mean age 54.3 ± 12.3 years, diabetes duration 10.1 ± 4.7 years and an A1c of 7 ± 0.38%. Patients in group 3 had lower body weight, BMI and highest carbohydrate consumption when compared with the other two groups ( P Conclusion Our data showed that the low body weight and high carbohydrate intake are associated with increased insulin requirement. The clinical implications of our study are to check the carbohydrate intake in patients with high insulin requirement.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the bark root of Phyllanthus emblica was digested with HNO 3 and HClO 4 (4:1) and the contents of trace elements such as As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg,,Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Abstract: The bark root of Phyllanthus emblica were digested with HNO 3 and HClO 4 (4:1) and the contents of trace elements such as As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K , Mg, ,Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The presence of beneficial element i.e., Fe, Zn, K, Mg,Mn, Ca, Co, Ni are within limit. The concentration of heavy trace elements Cu, Cr, and Cd are within limit but the concentration of Pb and As are high.
3 citations
TL;DR: Increasing age and more exposure to formal education are the major determinants of an individual′s attitude toward diabetes.
Abstract: Background: Health care workers should have adequate knowledge and the correct attitude to deal with the diabetes. We conducted this study among nursing and medical students to assess their attitude regarding diabetes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on medical (Group 1, N = 50) and nursing (Group 2, N = 50) students. Data was collected using the Diabetes Attitude Scale questionnaire developed by the University of Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Centre. The scores identify the attitude regarding five key areas of diabetes, namely need for special training, seriousness of diabetes, value of tight control, psychosocial impact and patient autonomy. The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests using GraphPad Prism Software, version 6 (GraphPad Software, San Deigo, CA, USA). Results: The study participants consist of 100 students of which 27 were male and 73 were female with a mean age of 22.9 ± 3.3 year. The scores in any subscale did not differ between the medical and nursing students. The correlation analyzes revealed that seriousness of diabetes is increasing linearly with age ( P = 0.0325) and all the five key areas of diabetes showed a significant correlation with the increasing duration of residency ( P Conclusion: Increasing age and more exposure to formal education are the major determinants of an individual's attitude toward diabetes. Our study attempts to highlights the need of education for all health care workers involved in the management of diabetes.
2 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Diarrhea is invariably linked with age and acute malnutrition in children, who had acute malnutrition (wasting) and it was accompanied by hi ghly significant (p 3y-4y).
Abstract: Introduction : Diarrhea is the leading cause of malnutrition in children below the age of five. Materials and Methods: Present work consisted of total 440 children, selec ted by random multi-stage sampling method, based on sample selection criteria, executed in city, Fazilka, Punjab. Results and Discussion: The study showed overall prevalence of (5.5%, 24/440) diarrhea in whole study participants and hi gh prevalence of (41%, 24/58) diarrhea in children , who had acute malnutrition (wasting) and it was accompanied by hi ghly significant (p 3y-4y). Males children had less prevalence (5.4%) of diarrhea as compared with female children (5.5%), not statistically significant ( p=0.5). Conclusion: Diarrhea is invariably linked with age and acute ma lnutrition in children.
2 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: A new technique called Password Guessing Resistant Protocol (PGRP) is introduced, which overcomes the drawbacks of existing protocols like Pinkas and Sander.
Abstract: Attacks on passwords are increasing day by day. Brute force attack and dictionary attacks are the well known attacks. Automated Turing Test is effective approach to minimize such attacks and identify malicious logins. But sometimes it may create inconvenience to the authorized user as the user always has to cross or go through the ATTs. So to avoid such inconvenience, a new technique called Password Guessing Resistant Protocol (PGRP) is introduced. It overcomes the drawbacks of existing protocols like Pinkas and Sander. PGRP limit the total number of login attempts from unknown source IP address as low as three attempts and the user can make five failed login from the known and frequently used system. CAPTCHA, used is text based, logical and can also be image based. This could make the password guessing more difficult by the automated programs. Multiple ATTs are used to increase the security.
2 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that high number of vehicles and the brassware industries are responsible for enhanced concentration of heavy metals in the Brass City of New York, and the maximum concentration of Pb (2.72µgm ) -3 and Cd (0.20µm ) was found in heavy density traffic area, denoted as commercial area.
Abstract: gm , respectively; whereas the maximum concentration of Pb (2.72µgm ) -3 and Cd (0.20µgm ) was found in heavy density traffic area, denoted as commercial area. The study shows that high number of vehicles and the brassware industries are responsible for enhanced concentration of heavy metals in the Brass City.
TL;DR: It was concluded that continuous 5 km gallop+ canter exercise in sandy track for a month reduces plasma ascorbic acid levels in horses but it cannot be replenished by oral supplementation of ascorBic acid because bioavailability of asCorbic Acid on oral supplementation in Marwari horses is very poor.
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the oral supplementation with ascorbic acid on plasma levels in Marwari horses. The experiment was planned to supplement ascorbic acid @ 5 mg/kg. Body weight orally for 4 days on plasma ascorbic acid levels in horses. There was no significant difference in plasma ascorbic acid levels between day 1st and day 5th in supplemented group and control group. After that, a second trial was undertaken with supplementation of sodium ascorbate @ 20 mg/Kg body weight for 30 days in exercising horses. Exercising horses were under gallop + canter exercise of 5 km per day in sandy track. Blood samples were taken on each 10th day of the study period. There was no significant difference found in plasma ascorbic acid levels between supplemented and non-supplemented group of exercising horses. It was also found that plasma ascorbic acid levels were also significantly low in exercising non-supplemented horses than the horses which were under rest. So it was concluded that continuous 5 km gallop+ canter exercise in sandy track for a month reduces plasma ascorbic acid levels in horses but it cannot be replenished by oral supplementation of ascorbic acid because bioavailability of ascorbic acid on oral supplementation in Marwari horses is very poor.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have discussed the photo-catalytic oxidation process to radical formation, which is capable of destroying the organic pollutants in waste water through a semiconductor catalyst, i.e. TiO2 with UV light.
Abstract: Organic pollution is the term used when large quantities of organic compounds are found in waste water. It originates from domestic sewage, urban run-off; industrial effluents and agriculture wastewater. Water shortage and water quality are the main issues in the global water crisis. As the population increases, there is ever growing demand on water resources. Wastewater with organic pollutants contains large quantities of suspended solids which reduce the light available to photosynthetic organisms and, on settling out, alter the characteristics of the river bed, rendering it an unsuitable habitat for many invertebrates. Purification of water is essential for availability of good quality water. Advance oxidation process (Photo-catalytic oxidation process) is a method for degradation of organic compounds in waste water through a semiconductor catalyst i.e. TiO2 with UV light. This paper discusses the organic and inorganic pollutants in waste water and there removal via photo-catalytic oxidation process. In this paper, the mechanisms of photo-catalytic oxidation process are discussed to radical formation i.e. OH*. These radicals (i.e. OH*) are capable to destroy the organic pollutants in waste water. This paper also discusses the several other conventional methods for purification of water.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In the present study, 6 microsatellite markers were found useful to determine genetic diversity among Indian T. evansi isolates and Neighbour-joining tree analysis indicated different clustering of isolates based on allelic sharing.
Abstract: The present study deals with genetic diversity analysis by microsatellite genotyping of Trypanosoma evansi isolates collected from different livestock hosts (horse, donkey, camel and cattle) inhabiting different geographical location in North and North-western parts of India. Out of 12 microsatellite loci used in the study 10 successfully genotyped 6 T. evansi isolates, and 6 of them were found polymorphic. At 6 microsatellite loci (TB8/11, TB11/29, TB10/1, TB1/8, TB3/3 and TB4/2) observed number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 (TB8/11) to 6 (TB4/2) with a mean of 4.83±1.75 and effective number of alleles ranged from 2.11 (TB8/1) to 5.00 (TB4/2) with a mean value of 3.32±1.16. At 4 microsatellite loci (TB11/13, TB2/19, TB11/1 and TB8/1) observed (na=2) as well as effective (ne=2) number of alleles were the same. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.16 (TB8/11) to 1.00 (TB11/13, TB2/19, TB10/1, TB1/8 and TB4/2) with a mean of 0.76±0.37. The expected value of heterozygosity (Levene’s) varied from 0.48 (TB8/1) to 0.88 (TB4/2) with a mean of 0.59±0.23. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.34 (TB8/1) to 0.77 (TB4/2), indicating that TB11/29, TB10/1, TB1/8, TB3/3 and TB4/2 microsatellite loci were highly informative (PIC>0.5). Neighbour-joining tree analysis indicated different clustering of isolates based on allelic sharing. In the present study, 6 microsatellite markers were found useful to determine genetic diversity among Indian T. evansi isolates.
TL;DR: A comparison of granuloma annulare and vitiligo patches distant from the autologous skin graft sites: A remote reverse Koebner›s phenomenon?
Abstract: 1. Burns DA. Necrobiotic disorders. In: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C, editors. Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology. Oxford: Wiley‐Blackwell; 2010. p. 60.5‐60.7. 2. Prendiville JS. Granuloma annulare. In: Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffel DJ, editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. New York: McGraw Hill; 2008. p. 1959. 3. Mathai R. Necrobiotic disorders. In: Valia RG, Valia AR, editors. IADVL Textbook of Dermatology. Mumbai: Bhalani Publishing House; 2010. p. 1193‐5. 4. Wells RS, Smith MA. The natural history of granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol 1963;75:199‐205. 5. Levin NA, Patterson JW, Yao LL, Wilson BB. Resolution of patch‐type granuloma annulare lesions after biopsy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:426‐9. 6. Huilgol SC, Liddell K, Black MM. Generalized granuloma annulare sparing vaccination sites. Clin Exp Dermatol 1995;20:51‐3. 7. Singer AJ, Clark RA. Cutaneous wound healing. N Engl J Med 1999;341:738‐46. 8. Malakar S, Dhar S. Spontaneous repigmentation of vitiligo patches distant from the autologous skin graft sites: A remote reverse Koebner›s phenomenon? Dermatology 1998;197:274.
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to help Information security professionals, students and peoples, forensic investigator to understand the nature of malwares, and classify them according to the parameters developed by the model with the help of Matlab.
Abstract: Malware analysis is a very tedious and time consuming process. It is the process of determining the behavior and purpose of a given malware sample created by the hacker. Every day new malware sample is being created and released on a large scale by malware authors. Anti-virus companies also requires its database to be updated to protect the victims and organizations. So, this clearly states each one of us to have the tools to analyse the malware. The purpose of this paper is to help Information security professionals, students and peoples, forensic investigator to understand the nature of malwares, and classify them according to the parameters developed by our model with the help of Matlab.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The diazepam-ketamine mixture can be used safely for moderate depth of anaesthesia in mules and resulted in quick induction, prolonged sedation, good to moderate analgesia, moderate muscle relaxation, and smooth and quick recovery.
Abstract: The present study was conducted on 6 clinically healthy adult mules of both sexes (4 females and 2 castrated males), with the approval of IAEC, to evaluate the total intravenous anaesthesia with diazepam-ketamine mixture following xylazine premedication. The anaesthetic combination resulted in quick induction (1.84±0.52 min), prolonged sedation, good to moderate analgesia, moderate muscle relaxation, and smooth and quick recovery. The duration of anaesthesia was 15.21±0.64 min. During recovery, limb and head movements, sternal recumbency, standing ataxia, and normal gait were attained at 16.0±3.21min, 23.30±1.23min, 25.5±3.20 min, and 32.75±3.25 min, respectively, from the time of diazepam-ketamine administration. The anaesthetic combination did not have significant effect on rectal temperature, haemato-biochemical parameters, blood gases, electrolytes, and oxygen status except a significant progressive decrease in the heart rate form the base value up to 15 min after induction, returning to the base level by 45 min, and significant fluctuations in the respiratory rate within the physiological limits. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood decreased to below normal during anaesthesia, however, the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin and oxygen content of blood were well maintained throughout the period of anaesthesia. The combination can be used safely for moderate depth of anaesthesia in mules.
TL;DR: In this article, the HPTLC was used for direct comparison and identification of inks on paper using a very small sample and is sensitive because of the intense colour of dye components in the visible region, absorption in UV region and fluorescence.
Abstract: The technique of High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography was utilized to separate the components of magenta colour inkjet printer ink. An attempt has been done to develop a protocol to examine and opine on the issue of identification of printer from which a document was printed. I. Introduction From the moment that a writing ink is applied to paper material, the chemical composition of ink begins to undergo changes. Various physical and chemical processes occur such as the evaporation of solvent; spreading of ink, paper corrosion etc. Modern inks are the mixtures of various components to provide different physical and chemical properties to ink such as colorants (dyes or pigments), Solvent, surfactants, humectants, biocides, fungicides, buffering agents and resins. Additionally, other organics may be used to control corrosion or improve solubility of the dyes and pigments. Current methods for the examination, identification and comparison of inks on paper include a wide variety of techniques, ranging from optical examination, microscopic and spectroscopic studies of the ink. Some techniques require damaging the sample by mechanical or chemical removal of ink from paper. Various forms of chromatography such as column, paper, thin layer, gas and liquid chromatography have gained prominence from past several decades to separate the components of inks. Thin Layer Chromatography involves a stationary phase through which a solvent system migrates across the plate by capillary action, separating the ink components. The process involves carrying the components of ink by a mobile phase through a stationary phase. The separation of dyes, colourless organic components as well as non-volatile components occurs due to their different migration rates. The several samples can be examined on the same TLC plate whereas the TLC densitometry is used in absorption or reflection mode in visible/UV254/UV366 mode to determine the relative concentrations of the dyes present and other components. In the present study the fast, reliable, and economical technique of HPTLC was used for direct comparison and identification of ink. The technique involves use of very small sample and is sensitive because of the intense colour of dye components in the visible region, absorption in UV region and fluorescence.
TL;DR: In this paper, seasonal variations in concentration of toxic heavy metals such as lead, copper, and arsenic were monitored during the year 2010 and 2011 using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Abstract: Seasonal variations in concentration of toxic heavy metals such as lead, copper, and arsenic was monitored during the year 2010 and 2011. The fish samples collected in summer, monsoon and winter seasons were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained are presented and compared with the permissible limit as declared by WHO.
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, a PIN-p hotodiodes with high speed and high radiant sensitivity in miniature, flat, top view, c lear plastic package is used, it is sensitive to visible and near infrared radiation.
Abstract: A lot of experimental research works on Mechano ‐and Electroluminescence materials is being done in opto-electronics laboratory of differ ent departments of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Physics and electronics, in different universities in India. Observations are obtained manually. The present wor k, therefore proposes for high accuracy and high precision and high speed measurement of Electroluminescence and Mechanoluminescence with the help of ATmega16 and ATmega8 AVR microcontrollers, and the Light sensor (BPW34) is used, it is a PIN p hotodiodes with high speed and high radiant sensitivity in miniature, flat, top view, c lear plastic package is used. It is sensitive to visible and near infrared radiation. It converts light in form of voltage. And dual low power operational Amplifier LM358 is used, LM358 consist of two independent, high gains, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltage.
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a transdermal preparation of carvedilol was prepared to achieve a sustained effect and to reduce the dose size & dosing frequency as compared to multiple oral dosing and also developed to minimize first pass metabolism.
Abstract: Carvedilol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent and is employed for the treatment of hypertension. Carvedilol is subjected to considerable first-pass metabolism when it is administered orally. Transdermal preparation of carvedilol was prepared to achieve a sustained effect and to reduce the dose size & dosing frequency as compared to multiple oral dosing and also developed to minimize first pass metabolism. Various polymers such as Ethyl cellulose, PVP K-30, HPMC K15M and Carbopol 934 were selected on the basis of their adhering property and nature of non toxicity, to develop transdermal film of carvedilol. The patches fabricated by EC and Carbopol (F-5 and F-6) were showed very good folding endurance compared to patches containing PVP K-30 and HPMC K15M. Based on physicochemical and in-vitro permeation studies, F- 3 and F-5 were chosen as the best formulations. Among these two patches, F-5 film was found to have maximum in vitro permeation, maximum steady state flux and maximum permeability coefficient of drug.