Analysis of pedestrians’ behavior at pedestrian crossings

Age-related differences in street-crossing decisions: The effects of vehicle speed and time constraints on gap selection in an estimation task

Drivers' speed behaviour at a zebra crossing: a case study

Pedestrians are legitimate users of the transportation system and they should, therefore, be able to use the system safely. Pedestrian needs in crossing streets should be identified, and appropriate solutions should be selected to improve pedestrian safety and access. Deciding where to mark crosswalks is only one consideration in meeting that objective. This study involved an analysis of 5 years of pedestrian crashes at 1,000 marked crosswalks and 1,000 matched unmarked comparison sites. None of the sites in this study had a traffic signal or stop sign on the approaches. Detailed data were collected on traffic volume, pedestrian exposure, number of lanes, type of median, speed limit, and other site variables. Poisson and negative binomial regressive models were used. Study results revealed that on two-lane roads the presence of a marked crosswalk alone at an uncontrolled location was associated with no difference in pedestrian crash rate, compared with an unmarked crosswalk. Further, on multilane roads wi...

Safety effects of marked versus unmarked crosswalks at uncontrolled locations: analysis of pedestrian crashes in 30 cities

Road traffic accident involvement rates show clear age and gender differences which may in part be accounted for by differences in risk perception and perceptions of driving competence. The present study extends and replicates that of Matthews and Moran (1986). Young (18-30 years) and older (45-60 years) male and female drivers responded to a questionnaire on perceived accident risk and driving competence (judgment and skill) with respect to themselves and four target groups, and also rated a series of videotaped driving sequences with respect to likelihood of accident occurrence and perceived driving competence. Results showed that effects of rater characteristics were generally confined to the questionnaire. Younger males were perceived as most likely to experience an accident and were judged to be lower than other groups in driving competence. Younger groups showed little bias against older groups and vice versa, but gender-related bias was apparent. The findings of Matthews and Moran were generally confirmed. The results are discussed with reference to four main issues: (1) demographic bias effects--which are generally weak; (2) stereotyping on the basis of gender and/or age of driver; (3) group-specific bias; (4) self-appraisal bias.

Age and Gender Differences in Perceived Accident Likelihood and Driver Competences

A controlled experiment was conducted to determine the relative importance of pedestrian, vehicle, and situational factors in influencing drivers to give way to crossing pedestrians. The following ...

A. Katz

Papers

An Experimental Study of Driver and Pedestrian Interaction during the Crossing Conflict