Commercial wheat gluten (WG) films, hard wheat gluten films and soft wheat gluten films, plasticized with glycerol have been cast from water–ethanol solutions. The effect of aging on various film properties has been investigated. The films were aged for about 6 months at 50% relative humidity and ~25 °C, and the mechanical (tensile strength and the percentage of elongation at break (E
 b)), thermal (TG and DSC) and Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectral properties have been studied. Changes in the protein structure were determined by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Films from soft WG exhibited the highest E
 b (508%) and the highest TS (6.33 MPa). The TG analysis results show that the moisture content in all three kinds of WG protein films is about 5%. The absence of the glycerol phase transition in DSC curves implies that there is no separate phase containing glycerol in the WG protein-glycerol films with 40% glycerol.

Edible wheat gluten (WG) protein films

The carboxylato–Cu(II) complexes of type [Cu2(RCOO)4] and their benzothiazole adducts [Cu2(RCOO)4bt2] (bt = benzothiazole, R = CH3(CH2)n−2, n = 12, 14, 16, 18) form the main objectives of this study The studied carboxylato–Cu(II) complexes are formed from dimeric units to polymeric chains (chromofor CuO5) The structural changes are due to coordination of ligand (benzothiazole) The polymeric chains of carboxylato–Cu(II) complexes degraded to discrete centrosymetric tetracarboxylate-bridged dimmers (chromofor CuO4N) These prepared compounds [Cu2(RCOO)4] and [Cu2(RCOO)4L2] were submitted to measurements relating to spectral (IR, UV–Vis) and thermal properties (TG, DTA, DSC)

Spectral and thermal characteristics of copper(II) carboxylates with fatty acid chains and their benzothiazole adducts

A novel nonlinear optical organic crystal 8-hydroxyquinoline has been grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature (RT) using chloroform as the solvent. The solubility of 8-hydroxyquinoline in chloroform has been determined at various temperatures. The grown crystals were found to be transparent in the visible region. The grown crystals were characterized employing several techniques such as UV, FT-IR, 1H NMR spectral analysis and TG–DTA studies. Preliminary measurements indicate that the second-harmonic generation efficiency at a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm is roughly 4.28 times that of KDP crystal.

Growth, spectral and thermal characterization of 8-hydroxyquinoline

Textiles are used as thermal isolating materials for technical and clothing applications The paper generally deals with heat transfer through textile layers by conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation of humidity This experiment evaluates heat transfer by conduction and radiation through textile layers containing hollow polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres The environment created by a composite textile layer containing hollow PET fibres and air is not identical for every method of heat transfer During heat transfer through a textile layer, we evaluate of the importance of macromorphological structure of the elementary fibres and textile layer, taking into account the thermo-physiological properties

Heat transfer through a textile layer composed of hollow fibres

The chemistry, structure, and properties of spinel ferrites are largely governed by the method of preparation. The metal carboxylato-hydrazinate precursors are known to yield nanosized oxides at a comparatively lower temperature. In this study, we are reporting the synthesis of one such precursor, cobalt nickel ferrous fumarato-hydrazinate which decomposes autocatalytically to give cobalt nickel ferrite nanoparticles. The XRD study of this decomposed product confirms the formation of single-phase spinel, i.e., Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4. The thermal decomposition of the precursor has been studied by isothermal, thermogravimetric (TG), and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. The precursor has also been characterized by FTIR, EDX, and chemical analysis, and its chemical composition has been determined as Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2(C4H2O4)3·6N2H4.

Synthesis of cobalt nickel ferrite nanoparticles via autocatalytic decomposition of the precursor

(E)-3-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)propenoic acid (1) was prepared from 1-benzofuran-2-carbaldehyde under the Doebner’s conditions. The obtained acid was converted to the corresponding azide 2, which was cyclized by heating in diphenyl ether to [1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine-1(2H)-one (3). This compound was aromatized with phosphorus oxychloride to chloroderivative 4 which was reduced with zinc and acetic acid to the title compound 5. [1]Benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine-2-oxide (6) was synthesized by reaction of 5 with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in dichloromethane. Treatment of 6 with benzoyl chloride and potassium cyanide (Reissert-Henze reaction) was shown to produce the corresponding [1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine-1-carbonitrile (7). The title compound was used for preparation of complexes Cu2(ac)4(bfp)2 (8) and CoCl2(bfp)2 (9), where ac=CH3CO
 2
 −
 and bfp=[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine. Both oxygen atom of carboxylate ions is used in the coordination to Cu(II). Thermal properties of the complexes 8 and 9 have been studied by TG and DTA and both complexes exhibited high thermal stability while complex 9 are thermally more stable than complex 8.

A. Krutošíková

Papers

[1]Benzofuro[3,2- c ]pyridine synthesis and coordination reactions