Current commercial flow cytometers employ analog circuits to produce the feature values of the pulse waveforms that result from particle analysis. The use of analog pulse processing limits the features that can be measured to pulse integral, pulse height, and pulse width, and a large amount of potentially relevant information about the shape of the pulse waveform is lost. Direct digitizing of the waveform provides a means for the extraction of additional features, for example, pulse skewness and kurtosis, as well as the Fourier properties of the pulse. Here we describe a digital pulse waveform processing system that is compatible both with a commercial flow cytometer, and with a readily available computational platform. The performance of the digital and analog systems were compared through analysis of synthetic waveforms, and the waveforms produced by standard fluorescence microspheres and biological particles. The digital waveform processing system was found to be accurate and flexible, and the value of several of its unique attributes was demonstrated using biological cells. A protocol was designed in which digital pulse processing provided a means for the quantitative monitoring of the optical alignment of the flow cytometer. It was shown that digital pulse processing could be used to discriminate between particle classes which produce feature values indistinguishable through analog pulse processing, and to discriminate accurately single cells from doublets and larger aggregates. Q 1995 wi'iley-Liss, I~C.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cyto.990200203

Flow cytometric analysis using digital signal processing.

An approach to solution of problems of individually adapted support of actions of the pilot in typical flight regimes is developed. This approach can be recommended, in particular, in the course of preparation and re-preparation of air crew and for implementation of onboard expert systems of advanced aircrafts. The basis of the proposed approach is based on integral evaluation of control actions of the pilot formed based on indirect data and thus not requiring online registration of factors reflecting the current psychophysiological state of the pilot. In this case, data of the regular onboard measurement system of the aircraft are used for obtaining the mentioned integral evaluation. The method of implementation of this approach to evaluating control actions of the pilot based on the formation and parametric representation in the state space of the “aircraft-pilot” system of individual reachable set used further for creation of “Electronic passport of the pilot” is proposed. Algorithms for construction of such sets in the class of ellipsoids and cubes of confidence and their compact representation in the form of the individual probabilistic profile of the pilot are described. Results of simulation of the process of obtaining such sets, which prove the efficiency of the developed concept, are presented

Construction of characteristic sets for individually adapted pilot support in typical flight regimes

The paper considers the following problem: given a 3D model of a reference target and a sequence of images of a 3D
scene, identify the object in the scene most likely to be the reference target and determine its current pose. Finding the
best match in each frame independently of previous decisions is not optimal, since past information is ignored. Our
solution concept uses a novel Bayesian framework for multi target tracking and object recognition to define and
sequentially update the probability that the reference target is any one of the tracked objects. The approach is applied to
problems of automatic lock-on and missile guidance using a laser radar seeker. Field trials have resulted in high target hit
probabilities despite low resolution imagery and temporarily highly occluded targets.

Bayesian multi-target tracking and sequential object recognition

The modern development of radio and radar facilities leads to the need to create special radio monitoring tools to monitor the electromagnetic spectrum. In the process of radio monitoring there is a need to detect and identify (recognition) of radio sources, in particular radars. The peculiarity of pulse radars is that the emitted radar signals can have both intra-pulse and inter-pulse modulation. There are quite a number of methods for recognizing types of pulse modulation (based on artificial neural networks, logical rules base, wavelet analysis, histogram analysis). Each of these methods uses its own set of features for recognition, which are certain parameters of the registered signal or the results of their special transformations. The effectiveness of recognition methods directly depends on the set of selected recognition features. The aim of the study is to select a dictionary of informative features for recognition of the following types of pulse repetition interval modulation (PRI) signals of radar: constant, stagger, sliding, dwell&switch, jittered, sin. To achieve this goal, two approaches were used: the choice of informative features using decision trees and the synthesis of informative features using an auto-associative neural network with a narrow throat. These approaches work well at the decision of tasks of recognition of radio signals. As a basic set of recognition features, statistical features of the distribution of the values of the pulse intervals of the radar signal proposed in [13], [14] were used: J 1 , J 2 , J 3 , f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , f 4 , f 5 .The analysis of different approaches to the selection of informative features showed that the mathematical apparatus of decision trees provides a better result compared to auto-associative neural networks. It is advisable to use features J 1 , J 2 , J 3 , f 2 to recognize PRI modulation. At the same time, auto-associative neural networks allow to minimize the feature space without significant deterioration of its separating properties. Due to the reduction of the characteristic space at the stage of pre-processing of radio monitoring data, it is possible to reduce the computing power at the stages of identification of radio sources.

Synthesis of Informative Features for Recognition of the Type of Pulse Repetition Interval Modulation of Signals from Radars

The article is devoted to the development of the technical vision system, which is used to control the operation of the harvesting unit of robot for gathering berries. The authors offer technical and software solutions to simplify the maintenance of the robot. Special attention is paid to methods of recognition of wild plants under various external conditions and disturbances.

The technical vision system for diagnosis of the harvesting unit of the robot for gathering wild plants

Methods of recognition

   Introduction. The spleen is the most frequently injured abdominal organ in children. From the standpoint of the modern concept on the preventive and curative strategy, medical and epidemiological aspects of spleen injury in children in a metropolis are no less important than making a decision on performing surgery because of life-threatening indications.   Purpose. To find out medical and epidemiological features of spleen injury in children in a metropolis.   Material and methods. In 2013–2020, 518 children with injuries of the abdominal organs were treated in the Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST). Of these, 213 children had spleen injury of varying severity. Gender, age of the injured children, mechanism, seasonality, severity, curative modalities and outcomes were analyzed.Results. Spleen injury accounted for 41.1 % in the structure of abdominal injuries. Most often, such injuries were seen in boys (144; 67.6 %) and in the warm season; average age of children was 9.9 ± 3.1 years. As a rule, spleen injury was met in cases of severe polytrauma with high-energy mechanisms (catatrauma 31.5%, traffic accidents – 30.6 %). Falls from bicycle/scooter/skateboard accounted for 8.5 %; sports injuries – for 4.2%. 31.5% of children were treated surgically, including splenectomy – 24.4 %. If children were primarily hospitalized to a specialized hospital, the effectiveness of conservative treatment was 94.1 %.   Conclusion. Most often, spleen injury is diagnosed in children with polytrauma. It means that our basic attention should be focused on preventive measures so as to decrease the incidence of pediatric injuries as a result of road accidents and catatrauma. Primary hospitalization in a specialized hospital promotes the highest efficiency of conservative treatment in case of spleen injury in children.

A. L. Gorelik

Papers

Methods of recognition

Medical and epidemiological aspects of spleen injury in children in a megapolis