While recognizing that education contributes to economic growth, investments in human capital contributed to high economic growth and also to better income distribution in East Asia; and human capital, in turn, received dividends from these two gains on the economic front. This paper presents an analysis of investments in human capital, specifically education, in East Asian economies. It presents a review of past trends in education, the policies followed by East Asian economies for the development of education, the emerging issues and lessons that the East Asian experience offers to other developing economies particularly those in transition). Three important dimensions of patterns of expenditure on education that are given serious attention in this paper are (a) allocation of resources to education as a whole, (b) allocation of budgetary resources between different levels of education (primary, secondary, and higher), and (c) the role of the private sector in education.

Building Human Capital in East Asia: What Others Can Learn

Quality in Question: a new agenda for curriculum reform in developing countries

Needs Assessment of the Education Sector in Egypt

Expanding Education through User Charges: What Can Be Achieved in Malawi and Other LDCs?.

cha@krhyucc1.bitnet Abstract: We argue for an examination of the role of the transnational organizational apparatus vis-a-vis nation-states in organizing national educational systems in accordance with world level educational ideologies, structures, and practices. We propose that more analytic attention be given international organizations as an institutionalizing force in examining educational convergence and change, and suggest four primary international organization activities as potentially fruitful avenues for research in this area: 1) the exchange of information, 2) charters and constitutions, 3) standard-setting instruments, and 4) technical and financial resources. Focusing on these activities, we present and discuss evidence of international organizations as world- level agencies influencing the incorporation and diffusion of educational ideologies and practices within and among nation-states.

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Worldwide Educational Convergence Through International Organizations: Avenues for Research

Meeting: Meeting of Education Donor Agency Representatives, 19-21 May 1982, Mont Sainte Marie, Que., CA

A. Little

Papers

Adjusting to the 1980s : taking stock of educational expenditure