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Climate Considerations In Building And Urban Design

Emerging environmental threats originating from rapid urbanization and the associated energy shortages, negative impacts of climate change, and sick building syndromes have led to government sectors and various construction-based professional bodies recognizing the need for developing effective sustainable building design strategies. As a result, growing interest in the development of effective solutions for enhancement of the sustainable energy performance of buildings has been observed in recent years. Along this line, building envelopes that separate the indoor from the outdoor environments, and in particular building facades, play a substantial role for energy saving in buildings. Nevertheless, this study argues that there is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the available literature regarding the energy and thermal performance of building facades based on the various possible design and technical configurations, especially in hot and humid climates. Important decisions should be made by architects and engineers during the early design stages of buildings with viewpoints to the ultimate impacts of building physics on the overall energy performance and indoor comfort conditions of buildings. With such a research gap in existing literature, in these early stages many key facade attributes may be overlooked. Hence, this study attempts to develop a state-of-the-art analysis of the existing literature about the circumstances of optimizing the performance of building facades, particularly in hot and humid climates. Likewise, the study extracts practical lessons learned from AEC industry and demonstrates the current status of utilizing energy efficient building facades in recent construction developments in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) and Australia (Darwin). Finally, the study draws attention to the emerging innovative solutions for the design of building facades towards improving the energy efficiency of building sector and contributing to the sustainable development of cities.

A review on energy conscious designs of building façades in hot and humid climates: Lessons for (and from) Kuala Lumpur and Darwin

In the current study, the modelling and simulation of energy consumption for a two-story building with green roof in three different climates of Iran (Bandar Abbas: hot and humid, Tehran: mild and ...

Reduction of energy consumption in residential buildings with green roofs in three different climates of Iran

A study of indoor thermal parameters for naturally ventilated occupied buildings in the warm-humid climate of southern India

Indoor heat conditions measured in urban slum and rural village housing in West Bengal, India

Roof thermal performance is one of the most important factors for achieving indoor thermal comfort in tropical houses designed for natural cross ventilation. This research aims to find the suitable roof constructions for naturally ventilated residential buildings in warm humid climates of India. The research has been carried out at Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. The roof constructions included the types which are widely used in Residential Buildings in Madurai and also the new ones. This study, based on field study data, discusses roof design strategies for a warm-humid climate by investigating the impacts of roof thermal performance on indoor thermal comfort in naturally ventilated houses. This study is aimed to find the roof constructions which gain the least amount of heat during the hottest days of summer and to find how much thermal comfort is provided though out the year. In this respect the Traditional Madras terrace roofs and the Sloped Reinforced concrete roofs with clay tile roof showed the best performance. It was experimentally demonstrated that it is possible to maintain the indoor temperature 2°C -6°C lower than the outdoor temperature using passive roofing in a warm humid climate. This study uses an experimental approach in which the measurements of outdoor and indoor environments are conducted on residential buildings during extreme summer days. The Thermo physical properties of the roofs are also analyzed.

Sustainable roofs for warm humid climates -a case study in residential buildings in Madurai, Tamilnadu, India

Air conditioning energy consumption in summer represents a challenge in many areas with hot and humid climates. Passive cooling with thermal storage in phase change materials (PCMs) is a very effective way to improve thermal stability of the rooms with light-weight envelope. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate experimentally that it is possible to improve the thermal comfort and reduce the energy consumption of a building without substantial increase in the weight of the construction materials with the inclusion of PCM. This work aims at presenting an overview of the key researches in the field of use of PCMs in buildings and presenting a green approach for their uses in building envelopes with specific implementation on the case of hot humid regions. Thermal behaviour of wall integrated with two different types of PCMS Polyethylene glycol (PEG) E600 and Capric Acid (C10 H20 O 2) was compared by measurements and calculations. Three test cells were built for comparative investigation of t...

Energy Efficiency in Buildings in Hot Humid Climatic Regions Using Phase Change Materials as Thermal Mass in Building Envelope

A comparative LCA study of passive cooling roof materials for a residential building: An Indian Case study

Green roof application on real residential buildings in Tamilnadu, India is very limited and mostly concentrated in major cities mainly for visual purposes. There is not enough research has been conducted to boost up the benefits of green roof system in Warm and Humid weather in India. Green roofs have the potential to improve the thermal performance of a roofing system through shading, insulation, evapotranspiration and thermal mass, thus reducing a building’s energy demand for space conditioning. To quantify the thermal performance and energy efficiency of green roofs an experimental investigation was done in residential buildings of Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. This paper refers to the analysis of the thermal properties and indoor thermal performance study of the green roof. The investigation were implemented in two phases: during the first phase, extended surface, air temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken at the indoor and outdoor environment of the buildings where the green roof had installed and during the second phase of the study, the thermal properties of the green roof, as well as, the cooling potential were examined. Results showed vegetative roofs reduced heat gain compared to the white reflective roofs and conventional reinforced cement concrete due to the thermal mass, extra insulation, and evapo-transpiration associated with the vegetative roofing systems. The results also proved that green roofs provide acceptable indoor thermal performance with respect to the other conventional roofs while re-establishing the relationship between human and environment, which have been destroyed due to the rapid urbanization.

Thermal Performance Evaluation of Green Roofs in Warm Humid Climates: A Case of Residential Buildings in Madurai, India

The traditional building form design or form-making is an intuitive design method that is neither efficient nor competent for energy-efficient façade design. The form-making design approach threatens sustainable development in India. This paper discusses the new tread of form-finding, a process in which the framework is set for parameters to interact. It suggests a performance-based shape grammar (PBSG) generative design method for façade finding and evaluates it as an energy-efficient facade design method for FGM office buildings for India's hot and humid climate.A research method to develop PBSG rules for a given project framework was demonstrated by redesigning a case sample site and evaluating the existing FGM office building in the sample site. The PBSG methods in two stages apply multiple rules, first for form-finding and later for façade plane-finding for energy efficiency.It was observed that the SG resultant generated form was 42% more energy-efficient than the existing design using the same envelope materials, HVAC equipment, development regulations, and context.The outcome of this study provides a framework for a generative design process using PBSG in the early design stages and proves to be an energy-efficient design method for India's hot and humid climate.

Performance-based Generative Shape Grammar Method: Energy Efficient Facade Design for Fully Glazed Multi-Storied Office Building - Hot and Humid Climate, Chennai, India

A. Madhumathi

Papers

Sustainable roofs for warm humid climates -a case study in residential buildings in Madurai, Tamilnadu, India

Energy Efficiency in Buildings in Hot Humid Climatic Regions Using Phase Change Materials as Thermal Mass in Building Envelope

A comparative LCA study of passive cooling roof materials for a residential building: An Indian Case study

Thermal Performance Evaluation of Green Roofs in Warm Humid Climates: A Case of Residential Buildings in Madurai, India

Performance-based Generative Shape Grammar Method: Energy Efficient Facade Design for Fully Glazed Multi-Storied Office Building - Hot and Humid Climate, Chennai, India