Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students. By Prof. Louis Goodman and Prof. Alfred Gilman. Pp. xiii + 1383. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941.) 50s. net.

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: cause or consequence?

Cassia Linn. (Family  Caesalpiniaceae) is a large tropical genus with about 600 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Most of the plants of the genus are wellknown in Indian system of medicine for their cathartic, purgative and antibiotic properties. Many compounds of structural significance and medicinal importance have been reported from different species of this genus. Species of Cassia are rich source of anthraquinones which are wellknown as natural dyes, and are gaining importance in recent years due to environmental pollution caused by synthetic dyes. This paper attempts to give an overview of literature on the isolated and characterized anthraquinones from various Cassia species and their repoted applications. Besides dye yielding properties they are used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Thus plants of Cassia species can serve as commercial source of naturaly occurring anthraquinones.

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/14810/1/IJNPR%203(3)%20291-319.pdf

A review on anthraquinones isolated from Cassia species and their applications

This article reviewed the folk medical value of Spondias mombin with the correlated research findings on the uses of Spondias mombin. Most of the folk uses had been scientifically proven in most of the regions where those beliefs are based. The plant was described with habitat, the local uses including the uses of its parts mentioned. We reviewed the ethnomedicinal uses, the biological activities and the phytochemistry of Spondias mombin. (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 11: 129 - 136) Key Words; Spondias mombin, Neurological, Sedative, Antipsychotic, Antiepileptic, GABA-nergic transmission

https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajbr/article/download/50714/39406

Medicinal and economic value of spondias mombin

Sedative, antiepileptic and antipsychotic effects of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) in mice and rats.

Spondias mombin L [Anacardiaceae] is a plant used by traditional medical practitioners in Nigeria in the treatment of various nervous disorders. In this study, the anxiolytic properties of the aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts of the leaves were examined using aggressive-behaviour response and depression-related swimming behaviour activities. All the extracts administered orally were not toxic to mice up to a dose of 5 g/kg. On intraperitoneal injection, however, the LD50 values [mice/rats] were calculated to be 0.48 g/kg / 0.62 g/kg for ethanol extract, 1.10 g/kg / 1.08 g/kg for methanol extract and 1.36 g/kg / 1.42 g/kg for aqueous extract respectively. All residues from different extractions were dissolved in normal saline and administered intraperitoneally. It was found that the three extracts abolished the aggressive attacks by rats, and reduced swimming time in mice. These effects were found to be most potent with the administration of the ethanol extract. These effects of the extracts were blocked by flumazenil, an antagonist of GABAA receptor. The results suggest that the extracts of Spondias mombin possess anxiolytic effect mediated by GABAergic transmission.

https://journals.athmsi.org/index.php/ajtcam/article/download/48/48

Studies on the Anxiolytic Effect of Spondias mombin l. ( Anacardiaceae ) Extracts

The possible effect of Croton zambesicus administration on vital organs has been less investigated despite its extensive traditional use in tropical Africa. We therefore aim at elucidating the effect of ethanolic extract on the testes. The aqueous fraction of ethanolic leaf extract of C. zambesicus (5 and 10 mg/Kg body weight) was administered to verify its effect on sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm progessivity, malondialdehyde and catalase activities for a period of five consecutive days. The result showed that there is a significant increase in sperm production, sperm motility and sperm progressivity in the treated group when compared with the control; while there was a reduction in malondialdehyde and catalase activity in all the treated groups. The slight increase in the weight of the measured parameters also indicated the positive effect of the extract in the normal metabolic activities in the treated groups. This investigation has shown that the leaf extract possesses promising profertility property which can be exploited in fertility therapy. Key words: Testes, Croton zambesicus , sperm production, sperm motility, sperm progressivity, malondialdehyde

/pdf/evaluation-of-the-effect-of-ethanolic-extract-of-croton-1sbb6ef0dc.pdf

Evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of Croton zambesicus on the testes of Swiss albino mice

AIM: To determine the effects of aqueous extract of Allium sativum bulbs (AEASAB) on pituitary-testicular injury and dysfunction in Wistar rats with lead-induced reproductive disturbances.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups such that the control group received propylene glycol at 0.2 ml/100 g intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, the toxic group received lead (Pb) alone at 15 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal route for 10 days while the treatment groups were pretreated with lead as the toxic group after which they received graded doses of the extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day via oral route for 28 days. RESULTS: Pb administration induced significant deleterious alterations in the antioxidant status of the brain and testis, sperm characterization (counts, motility and viability) as well as reproductive hormones (FSH, LH and testosterone) of exposed rats (p < 0.05). These were significantly reversed in the AEASAB-treated groups (p < 0.05). Also, there was marked improvement in the Pb-induced vascular congestion and cellular loss in the pituitary while the observed Pb-induced severe testicular vacuolation was significantly reversed in the representative photomicrographs, following administration of the extract.CONCLUSION: AEASAB treatment ameliorated the pituitary-testicular injury and dysfunction in Wistar rats with Pb-Induced reproductive disturbances.

/pdf/aqueous-extract-of-allium-sativum-linn-bulbs-ameliorated-41zsanrfhy.pdf

Aqueous Extract of Allium sativum (Linn.) Bulbs Ameliorated Pituitary-Testicular Injury and Dysfunction in Wistar Rats with Pb-Induced Reproductive Disturbances

A. O. Ayoka

Papers

Sedative, antiepileptic and antipsychotic effects of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) in mice and rats.

Studies on the Anxiolytic Effect of Spondias mombin l. ( Anacardiaceae ) Extracts

Evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of Croton zambesicus on the testes of Swiss albino mice

Aqueous Extract of Allium sativum (Linn.) Bulbs Ameliorated Pituitary-Testicular Injury and Dysfunction in Wistar Rats with Pb-Induced Reproductive Disturbances

Ginger polyphenols attenuate cyclosporine-induced disturbances in kidney function: Potential application in adjuvant transplant therapy.