Synthesis methods for nanosized hydroxyapatite with diverse structures.

The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. These materials are of the special significance because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and dear antlers) and pathological ( i.e. those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium ortho-phosphates. For example, self-setting hydraulic cements made of calcium orthophosphates are helpful in bone repair, while titanium substitutes covered by a surface layer of calcium orthophosphates are used for hip joint endoprostheses and as tooth substitutes. Porous scaffolds made of calcium orthophosphates are very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. In addition, technical grade calcium orthophosphates are very popular mineral fertilizers. Thus ere calcium orthophosphates are of great significance for humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/2/2/399/pdf

Calcium Orthophosphates in Nature, Biology and Medicine

The control of luminous radiation has extremely important implications for modern and future technologies as well as in medicine. In this Review, we detail chemical structures and their relevant photophysical features for various groups of materials, including organic dyes such as metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines (and derivatives), other common organic materials, mixed metal complexes and clusters, fullerenes, dendrimeric nanocomposites, polymeric materials (organic and/or inorganic), inorganic semiconductors, and other nanoscopic materials, utilized or potentially useful for the realization of devices able to filter in a smart way an external radiation. The concept of smart is referred to the characteristic of those materials that are capable to filter the radiation in a dynamic way without the need of an ancillary system for the activation of the required transmission change. In particular, this Review gives emphasis to the nonlinear optical properties of photoactive materials for the functi...

Nonlinear Optical Materials for the Smart Filtering of Optical Radiation.

Study of corrosion in biocompatible metals for implants: A review

Advances in synthesis of calcium phosphate crystals with controlled size and shape.

Hydroxyapatite (Hap) ceramic material was synthesized using polyethylene glycol by a sol-gel method which was found to be more advantageous to modify the morphology and particle size. Structural analysis of prepared Hap with different precursors was carried out by XRD studies. The phase transition and function group analysis were carried out by FTIR studies. FESEM images clearly showed the influence of various precursors on the morphology of the synthesized material which finds its application in various medical fields such as in implants and coatings.

Comparison of precursors on hydroxyapatite with binders on phases, particle size, and morphology

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioceramic known for bone applications due to its physical and chemical properties similar to the human bone. In this present study, HAp nanopowder was synthesised using chemical precipitation method in the presence of polymers Joncryl61 (acrylic resin) and gelatin (biopolymer). The crystalline nature of synthesised pure and polymer-added hydroxyapatite was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction pattern and the FTIR pattern peaks present at 604–624 cm−1 revealing the presence of phosphate phase. Morphological studies using SEM revealed the presence of rod-shaped, agglomerated rod-shaped and rod shape with small sphere dumbbell structure in pure HAp, HAp with Joncryl61 and HAp with gelatin respectively. The dielectric properties of pure and polymer-doped HAp were also examined at room temperature with frequency from 50 to 5,000,000 Hz. The dielectric constant and loss were found to be maximum when the frequency was low.

Effect of Joncryl61 and gelatin in the formation of hydroxyapatite nanocomposite

The necessity for advancement in the field of energy storage devices is inevitable due to the forthcoming exhaustion in the availability of primitive hydrocarbon deposits. Benign and ecological renewable sources can opt as the perfect substitution for fossil fuels as a remedy for sustainability, which can be stored to meet the overflowing energy demand. Even a single spark in the development of energy storage devices can be viewed as an explosion in the execution of future energy concerns. This review is a token of recent progress in the arena of two-dimensional material-based supercapacitors for energy storage applications, manuscript starts with the need for energy storage devices in the anticipation of upcoming energy catastrophe. A brief introduction to the capacitors along with their classification under various parameters and their peaks and valleys in storing energy are included in the review. The chief attention of the appraisal stands on the capacitors employing the pseudo mechanism but those based on electrochemical double layer and faradaic mechanism are also included along with performance evaluation. The role of various 2D materials including graphene, molybdenum-based TMDs, tungsten-based TMDs, MXene, two-dimensional metal-oxides and phosphides in enhancing the charge storage performance are scrutinized in the review. 

Recent advancements and developments employing 2D-materials in enhancing the performance of electrochemical supercapacitors: A review

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the most widely accepted biomaterial for the repair and reconstruction of bone tissue defects. The current study is based on HAp was synthesized using sol–gel method. The drug was loaded in presence and absence of gelatin with pure HAp. Precursors like\n calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate were used and ammonia solution was added to maintain the pH value at 10.5 throughout the reaction. The synthesized HAp, drug loaded HAp and drug loaded HAp with gelatin were characterized using PXRD, FTIR, SEM, Drug loading,\n drug release studies. Results shows that the average crystallite size of the prepared HAp and drug loaded HAp with gelatin are 30 to 60 nm and 100 to 300 nm respectively was calculated using PXRD and morphology of pure HAp and drug loaded HAp with polymer was found using SEM. Drug loading\n and release percentage was calculated.

Synthesis of Pure Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) by the Sol–Gel Method and the Antibiotic Loaded in the Presence of Natural Polymer for the Application of Drug Delivery

A. Ruban Kumar

Papers

Comparison of precursors on hydroxyapatite with binders on phases, particle size, and morphology

Effect of Joncryl61 and gelatin in the formation of hydroxyapatite nanocomposite

Recent advancements and developments employing 2D-materials in enhancing the performance of electrochemical supercapacitors: A review

Synthesis of Pure Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) by the Sol–Gel Method and the Antibiotic Loaded in the Presence of Natural Polymer for the Application of Drug Delivery

Tuning the p-type conductivity of NiO for the room temperature formaldehyde detection