We carried out ecological and biological studies in mixed forest stands after different types of cuttings: clearnarrow, long-gradual and thinning. The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure of the grass-shrub layer after cuttings in mixed forest stands. The objects of research are located in the taiga zone in the North taiga region of the European part of Russia. The original forests were represented by mixed pine-spruce-birch stands of blueberry forest type, which grew on light-loamy podzolic soils. We conducted geobotanical descriptions within the accounting sites (size from 25 to 100 m 2 ) to assess the grass-shrub layer. We made 70 geobotanical descriptions in the field periods 2015-2017. We applied taxonomic, biomorphological and ecological analyses to study the differentiation of the grassshrub layer. The results of the taxonomic analysis showed that in each variant of the study from 5 to 3 leading families were identified. The largest number of species belongs to the families: Poaceae, Asteraceae, Scrophulariaceae. The number of genera and species in absolute numbers is higher in the natural community where cuttings did not carried out. Ecological-cenotic analysis showed that in all the studied areas two groups prevail: boreal (small-grass) from 29 to 50% and boreal (shrubs and evergreen grasses) from 20 to 27 %. The constructed biomorphic spectra indicate that there is a high proportion of turf life form on skidding trails and landing sites, which indicates violations of the forest floor and a certain degree of turfing. The analysis of species ecological strategies according to George Grime showed that Stress-tolerant species (S) are least in variants with clear-cuttings (15 %) and most in uncut forest (33 %). The results of complex research showed that the clear-narrow cuttings affected the conversion and the formation of the herb-dwarf shrub layer, compared to selective logging. The distribution and species diversity of the ground cover depends on the technological element of the cutting area (cutting strip, skidding trails and landing sites), its disturbance and age of cutting.

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The effect of different cuttings on the ecological-biological structure of the grass-shrub layer in the blueberry forest

Beliaeva N.V., Gryazkin A.V., Kasi I.A. THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTION CUTTING ON VEGETATION LOW TIERS DEVELOPMENT. In the article structural changing and species composition of vegetation lower tiers in forests stands after selective cuttings of different intensities are analyzed. The results show regularities of forest ecosystem reaction on forest cuttings, that make its regulation easier with taking into consideration forest species and types. It is mentioned that selection cuttings speed up restoration reactions in forest ecosystems. They make favorable conditions for vegetation lower tiers (alive soil cover, undergrowth, brushwood) development by weakening competition and increasing actual soil fertility. As the result species diversity spectrum expands and vegetation lower tiers structure becomes more complicated. Structural changing in alive soil cover, undergrowth and brushwood are directed to soil-protective and resource-saving functions, they are natural consequence of succession speeding up. In the paper special attention is paid to selective influence on natural reforestation of spruce. The quantity of spruce undergrowth depends on cutting accuracy, forest stand shelter density, structure of alive soil cover. The type of cutting does not have decisive influence on undergrowth state.

А. В. Грязькин

Papers

Влияние выборочных рубок на развитие нижних ярусов растительности