Examines the motivation for achievement as a psychological factor that shapes economic development. Refuting arguments based on race, climate, or population growth, the book instead argues for cultural customs and motivations - especially the motivation for achievement - as the major catalysts of economic growth. Considering the Protestant Reformation, the rise of capitalism, parents' influences on sons, and folklore and children's stories as shaping cultural motivations for achievement, the book hypothesizes that a high level of achievement motivation precedes economic growth. This is supported through qualitative analysis of the achievement motive, as well as of other psychological factors - including entrepreneurial behavior and characteristics, and available sources of achievement in past and present highly achieving societies. It is the achievement motive - and not merely the profit motive or the desire for material gain - that has advanced societies economically. Consequently, individuals are not merely products of their environment, as many social scientists have asserted, but also creators of the environment, as they manipulate it in various ways in the search for achievement. Finally, a plan is hypothesized to accelerate economic growth in developing countries, by encouraging and supplementing their achievement motives through mobilizing the greater achievement resources of developed countries. The conclusion is not just that motivations shape economic progress, but that current influences on future people's motivations and values will determine economic growth in the long run. Thus, it is most beneficial for a society to concentrate its resources on creating an environment conducive to entrepreneurship and a strong ideological base for achievement. (CJC)

The Achieving Society

Green marketing stems from the degrading of ecological environment and consumer's increasing sense of(environmental) protection.The essence of green marketing is to response actively to man's increasing concern for ecological(environment) and make choices and decisions in marketing by adhering to the environmental protection principle and the(ecological) principle and building up green technology,green market and green industry.Therefore,green marketing has profound ethical connotation.However,green marketing in present Chinese enterprises is actually in conflict with the logics of enterprise behavior.

On "Green Marketing"

According to Marketing Science Institute (2002), one of the major objectives of marketing research is to assess the strength of brand equity. It is imperative to acknowledge that brand equity is an inseparable part of marketing and essential to the companies to create core-competencies and build strong brand experience that will impact the consumer decision making process (Norjaya Mohd. Yasin & Abdul Rahman Zahari, 2011). The aim of this study is to find out the indirect relationship amongst the brand equity dimensions on brand equity. For the purpose of this study, brand equity dimensions include brand association, brand awareness, brand loyalty, perceived quality and brand image. In this study, a sum of 300 usable questionnaires were gathered. The result indicates a mediating relationship amongst the dimensions of brand equity on brand equity.

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The Mediating Effects of Brand Association, Brand Loyalty, Brand Image and Perceived Quality on Brand Equity

Social media has become the driving force which transforms the web into an interactive information andcommunications technology device. Social media has a significant role in influencing customer’s choice inselecting products and services based on the customers’ feedbacks that appeared in the weblogs, web sites,online boards and other kinds of user-generated content (Raman, 2009). It is indeed important to remember thatbrand equity is no longer valued by large sums of money that companies invest; instead customers are dictatingthe value of brand equity by what they are saying to each other. Therefore, this study will focus on evaluating theroles of various brand equity constructs (including brand loyalty, brand association, brand awareness and brandimage) in mediating the interrelation among electronic word of mouth and the dimensions of brand equity in thecontext of social media. There were total of 300 usable questionnaires were collected in this research. Thefinding revealed that there is an indirect inter-relationship between electronic word of mouth and the dimensionof brand equity, mediated by the respective various brand equity constructs.

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The Impacts of Electronic Word of Mouth on Brand Equity in the Context of Social Media

Optimally sizing of battery energy storage capacity by operational optimization of residential PV-Battery systems: An Australian household case study

InMalaysia,theissuesofcorporategovernance,transparencyanddisclosurehave been the focus of researchers particularly after the economic turmoil in 1997. Weakening corporate governance in many firms is one of the factors that contributed to the 1997Asian financial crisis. This study mainly examines how ownershipstructuresareassociatedwiththedirectors’compensationdisclosureamong 100 largest listed companies in Malaysia. A number of studies have looked into the ownership structure in Malaysian companies, however, none of the research has explored the issue of directors’compensation disclosure. Disclosure and governance environment are found to be the predominant factors in enhancing firm value. Therefore, to avoid any pressure from regulatory authorities and to reduce thegapbetweenmanagementandinvestors,firmsshoulddisclosemore.Thestudy usesadirectors’compensationdisclosurechecklisttoscoretheitemsintheannual reports and multiple regression analysis to examine the association between ownership structure and the extent of directors’compensation disclosure. The finding of this study revealed that the government ownership was positively associated and statistically significant at 1% level with the extent of directors’compensation disclosure, while the percentage of family members on the board is negatively associated to the extent of directors’compensation disclosure.

Ownership Structure and Directors'Compensation Disclosure in Malaysia

Effect Of Marketing And Handling Student Complaints Onstudent Satisfaction And Loyalty

The purpose of this study is to rank the types of green consumerism among university students.  Evaluating the variables of demographic with the types of green consumerism will benefits the policymakers, green marketers and entrepreneurs in promoting green products and getting more prospects among university students.  The sample in this study consists a total of 250 university students from Malaysian government-linked university. Descriptive study, reliability test, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) 21.0 is used to analyse the data. Majority of students are being labelled as energy efficiency users. The findings proved that gender, age, race, and year of study have significanc differences with the classes of green consumerism. However, two variables of students’ demographic (i.e. hometown and study program) failed to show the differences.

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Green Consumerism: An Empirical Study of Malaysian Government-Linked University

A smart or advanced meter is an electronic appliance capable of recording actual electricity consumption over time intervals of one hour or less, and of sending the data back to the utility through a two-way communication feature, enabling providers to respond to the data. Hence, the Malaysian government is currently in the process of rollout installation of smart meter. To increase the acceptance and adoption of a smart meter, it is essential to identify the key factors that influenced the continuance use of a smart meter among residential users. A total of 37 respondents participated in this pilot study, and data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and reliability test. The results show that all items have good loading values and the alpha values for each variable are above 0.85. This indicates that all items and variables developed in this study can be tested in future research.

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Examining Smart Meter Users’ Experience on Continuance Intention in Adopting Smart Meter in Malaysia – Result from a Pilot Study

Following the Asian economic tumult 1997, most of the researchers in Malaysian have been focusing on the issues of disclosure, transparency and boardroom failures. The crisis had led to statements about corporate governance in times of financial crisis and the lessons that can be learnt. A lot of prior literature examined the factors influencing the aspects of disclosure without giving reference to the educational and occupational background of the board of directors and the ownership structure, which influence the decision-making regarding director remuneration disclosure. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate how the educational and occupational background of the board of directors and ownership structure affect director remuneration disclosure in Malaysian public listed companies. Very limited research has been explored in the issue of directors’ remuneration disclosure. The director remuneration checklist is used to measure the director remuneration disclosure among Malaysian public listed companies. The findings of this study revealed that ownership structure is significantly associated with the extent of directors’ remuneration disclosure, while the board’s educational and occupational background are found to not be associated with the extent of directors’ remuneration disclosure. Do Board Educational Background, Occupational Background and Ownership Structure Matter for Directors’ Remuneration Disclosure? Some Malaysian Evidence

Do board educational background, occupational background and ownership structure matter for directors' remuneration disclosure? Some Malaysian evidence

Abdul Rahman Zahari

Papers

Ownership Structure and Directors'Compensation Disclosure in Malaysia

Effect Of Marketing And Handling Student Complaints Onstudent Satisfaction And Loyalty

Green Consumerism: An Empirical Study of Malaysian Government-Linked University

Examining Smart Meter Users’ Experience on Continuance Intention in Adopting Smart Meter in Malaysia – Result from a Pilot Study

Do board educational background, occupational background and ownership structure matter for directors' remuneration disclosure? Some Malaysian evidence