Traditional waste management system operates based on daily schedule which is highly inefficient and costly. The existing recycle bin has also proved its ineffectiveness in the public as people do not recycle their waste properly. With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), the traditional waste management system can be replaced with smart sensors embedded into the system to perform real time monitoring and allow for better waste management. The aim of this research is to develop a smart waste management system using LoRa communication protocol and TensorFlow based deep learning model. LoRa sends the sensor data and Tensorflow performs real time object detection and classification. The bin consists of several compartments to segregate the waste including metal, plastic, paper, and general waste compartment which are controlled by the servo motors. Object detection and waste classification is done in TensorFlow framework with pre-trained object detection model. This object detection model is trained with images of waste to generate a frozen inference graph used for object detection which is done through a camera connected to the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ as the main processing unit. Ultrasonic sensor is embedded into each waste compartment to monitor the filling level of the waste. GPS module is integrated to monitor the location and real time of the bin. LoRa communication protocol is used to transmit data about the location, real time and filling level of the bin. RFID module is embedded for the purpose of waste management personnel identification.

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An Internet of Things Based Smart Waste Management System Using LoRa and Tensorflow Deep Learning Model

Internet of Things (IoT) expansion led the market to find alternative communication technologies since existing protocols are insufficient in terms of coverage, energy consumption to fit IoT needs. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) emerged as an alternative cost-effective communication technology for the IoT market. LoRaWAN is an open LPWAN standard developed by LoRa Alliance and has key features i.e., low energy consumption, long-range communication, builtin security, GPS-free positioning. In this paper, we will introduce LoRaWAN technology, the state of art studies in the literature and provide open opportunities.

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

Studies estimate that by 2050 two thirds of the world population will be leaving in urban areas, what leads to the necessity of intelligent services to meet the needs of the cities residents. An emerging solution to deal with this scenario is the convergence of information and communication technologies through the implementation of the concepts of smart cities and Internet of Things to provide solutions in diverse fields like infrastructure, transportation, and surveillance. Considering this challenging scenario, in this article a multilevel IoT-based smart cities infrastructure management architecture is proposed and the waste management problem is used as a case study to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution. Results proved the concept of the architecture, showing that it is able to manage up to 3902 garbage bins simultaneously. These bins are able to correctly separate organic and recyclable waste in both indoor and outdoor scenarios, presenting low response times, what leads to a good quality of experience to the users of the system.

An IoT-based smart cities infrastructure architecture applied to a waste management scenario

Global industry is undergoing major transformations with the genesis of a new paradigm known as the Internet of Things (IoT) with its underlying technologies. Many company leaders are investing more effort and money in transforming their services to capitalize on the benefits provided by the IoT. Thereby, the decision makers in public waste management do not want to be outdone, and it is challenging to provide an efficient and real-time waste management system. This paper proposes a solution (hardware, software, and communications) that aims to optimize waste management and include a citizen in the process. The system follows an IoT-based approach where the discarded waste from the smart bin is continuously monitored by sensors that inform the filling level of each compartment, in real-time. These data are stored and processed in an IoT middleware providing information for collection with optimized routes and generating important statistical data for monitoring the waste collection accurately in terms of resource management and the provided services for the community. Citizens can easily access information about the public waste bins through the Web or a mobile application. The creation of the real prototype of the smart container, the development of the waste management application and a real-scale experiment use case for evaluation, demonstration, and validation show that the proposed system can efficiently change the way people deal with their garbage and optimize economic and material resources.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2380/pdf

A Smart Waste Management Solution Geared towards Citizens.

Increasing waste generation has become a significant challenge in developing countries due to unprecedented population growth and urbanization. From the literature, many issues have been investigated that signify direct connection with the increase in waste material generation and related difficulties to handle it in a smart city. These issues are the resultants of an improper collection and disposal mechanism used for waste material, the increase in moving trends of peoples toward big cities and lack of intelligent technology used to support the municipal solid waste management system. Consequently, the management of waste material has become a challenge due to a large amount of waste littered everywhere. Furthermore, various problems also occur due to the existing systems that are not only inadequate and inefficient but also their non-scientific procedures involved in the solid waste management. In this paper, an IoT-based smart waste bin monitoring and municipal solid waste management system is proposed. This system helps to solve the problems associated with management of waste material and the IoT-based waste collection for the smart city as discussed above. The proposed system is capable in the collection of waste effectively, detection of fire in waste material and forecasting of the future waste generation. The IoT-based device performs the controlling and monitoring of the electric bins. These devices are wirelessly connected with the central hub to transmit the information about the bins filling level with the existing location. The significant advantage of the system is to collect waste material on time in order to avoid the overflow of bins that would help in saving the environment from pollution.

IoT-Based Smart Waste Bin Monitoring and Municipal Solid Waste Management System for Smart Cities

The Internet of Things (IoT) is constantly evolving and is giving unique solutions to the everyday problems faced by man. “Smart City” is one such implementation aimed at improving the lifestyle of human beings. One of the major hurdles in most cities is its solid waste management, and effective management of the solid waste produced becomes an integral part of a smart city. This paper aims at providing an IoT based architectural solution to tackle the problems faced by the present solid waste management system. By providing a complete IoT based system, the process of tracking, collecting, and managing the solid waste can be easily automated and monitored efficiently. By taking the example of the solid waste management crisis of Bengaluru city, India, we have come up with the overall system architecture and protocol stack to give a IoT based solution to improve the reliability and efficiency of the system. By making use of sensors, we collect data from the garbage bins and send them to a gateway using LoRa technology. The data from various garbage bins are collected by the gateway and sent to the cloud over the Internet using the MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) protocol. The main advantage of the proposed system is the use of LoRa technology for data communication which enables long distance data transmission along with low power consumption as compared to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or Zigbee.

Abhay Shankar Bharadwaj

Papers

IoT based solid waste management system: A conceptual approach with an architectural solution as a smart city application