Traffic signs serve important functions on the road. Drivers can easily determine their directions and vehicle speeds by paying attention to traffic signs. However, it is only natural that sometimes drivers misjudge the position and meaning of traffic signs that they ignore them and in the worst case scenario, got involved in accidents. Therefore, technological improvements allow the development of a traffic sign detection system that assists drivers in their commute. Some challenges in this kind of research are weather condition, traffic signs positions, and obstructed view of traffic signs by the other vehicles and advertisement boards. This research has developed a model of traffic sign detection system using color segmentation by transforming the RGB color range into HSI to detect traffic signs based on the colors of red, yellow, blue and green, which are further morphologically processed to minimize searching scope with erosion and labeling. In this method, earlier processes reveal traffic sign candidates that make a Region of Interest (ROI) for its features to be extracted using the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) or the Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradient (PHOG). These are then ensued by a classification process using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) or k-NN to finally determine whether those candidates are traffic signs or not. Results show that this system has traffic sign detection accuracies of 79.03% with PHOG + SVM, 82.01% with HOG + SVM, 81.19% using PHOG + k-NN, and 77.81% using HOG + k-NN.

Traffic sign detection based on HOG and PHOG using binary SVM and k-NN

RGB-D image-based detection of stairs, pedestrian crosswalks and traffic signs

The aim of this work is to obtain porous titanium dioxide with good efficiency for photocatalytic environmental applications. TiO 2 coatings were obtained by anodic spark deposition, at constant applied potential (150 V), using a platinum cathode and 0.5 M sulfuric acid as electrolyte. Samples of titanium Grade 2 were used as substrate, metallographically prepared until 1 μm diamond surface finishing. The variables of the process were temperature (25 and 40 °C) and anodization time (5 and 10 min). Samples obtained at 40 °C showed a higher current density than those obtained at 25 °C and the potential reached by these samples was lower than those obtained at 25 °C. These results are attributed to an increased electrolyte conductivity. Optical microscopy images of the oxides obtained at 40 oC showed heterogeneity in color, indicating a non-uniform oxide thickness. This coincides with the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy that revealed "valleys" where the material did not present porosity. On the other hand, the oxides obtained at 25 °C showed a complete homogeneous porous structure. The average pore diameter was reduced with the increased oxidation time and temperature of the electrolyte. An increase of the crystalline anatase phase was observed with an increase of the anodization time; besides, rutile formation was observed, probably due to the final potential achieved by the samples. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of SAM– CONAMET 2014.

International Congress of Science and Technology of Metallurgy and Materials, SAM - CONAMET 2014 Porous titanium dioxide coatings obtained by anodic oxidation for photocatalytic applications

This paper proposes content-based image retrieval using combined feature extraction method by local energy, rotation-invariant uniform local binary patterns (RULBP) and color autocorrelogram. In this paper, features of local energy and RULBP are extracted in a high frequency domain of a gray image, using multi-resolution multi-direction (MRMD) filtering. Autocorrelogram is used in a two-dimensional histogram of hue and saturation color spaces. The Mahalanobis distance is used in measuring the degree of similarity of features. Evaluation of the experimental result of the image retrieval is based on precision and recall. The tested DBs (databases) are Corel and VisTex; Corel_MR and VisTex_MR of resolution variants; and Corel_MD and VisTex_MD of direction variants of first two DBs, respectively. The result of the experiment shows that the proposed method is superior to compared methods in the aspect of retrieval performance to retrieve MRMD images.

Content-based image retrieval using combined texture and color features based on multi-resolution multi-direction filtering and color autocorrelogram

Barium ferrite micro/nano fibers were successfully prepared via the electrostatic spinning by using dimethyl formamide (DMF) as the solvent, and poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the spinning auxiliaries. Effects of strontium substitution on the structure, morphology, and magnetic properties were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD patterns of the samples confirm that pure barium ferrite fibers form, and the Sr substitution makes the main peaks (110), (107), and (114) move to right slightly. Also, the FE-SEM images show that the Sr substituted fibers can keep complete fibrous morphology. Moreover, the VSM results demonstrate that the saturation magnetization can reach 56.7 emu/g when the fibers are calcined at 800°C.

Effect of strontium substitution on microstructure and magnetic properties of electrospinning BaFe12O19 nanofibers

The process of extraction of different features from an image is known as Content-based Image Retrieval.Color,Texture and Shape are the major features of an image and play a vital role in the representation of an image..In this paper, a novel method is proposed to extract the region of interest(ROI) from an image,prior to extraction of salient features of an image.The image is subjected to normalization so that the noise components due to Gaussian or other types of noises which are present in the image are eliminated and the successfull extraction of various features of an image can be accomplished. Gabor Filters are used to extract the texture feature from an image whereas Zernike Moments can be used to extract the shape feature.The combination of Gabor feature and Zernike feature can be combined to extract Gabor-Zernike Features from an image.

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Design Approach for Content-based Image Retrieval using Gabor-Zernike features

This paper presents the overview of an FPGA system in which different complex arithmetic and logical operations are performed by using a set of programmable and reconfigurable arrays of various logic gates and the task of performing a single operation is distributed equally to a set of given number of gates and the system is provided with a clock generator which provides the necessary timing and control to the system with the help of an external oscillator which is set to a given desired frequency. A set of instructions which is called as program is written to execute a certain task which is required to perform a single part of a given set of operations to be performed by the electronic circuit. The language of programming like Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and Verilog is used to program a logic gate like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR gates and the study of different modules is done to understand the working of the programming language in order to gain preliminary knowledge about the syntax and instructions which constitute the base of any digital system. A basic knowledge about the language and its structured components like hardware modules and the commands is essential to acquire a general hold over the understanding of FPGA.

System designing and modelling using fpga

As far as the safety of a driver is concerned, more focus should be put on correct interpretation and information which is conveyed by a traffic sign, while driving a vehicle along the road. A sign board can be thought of as an emblem which disseminates important and meaningful information regarding the potential hazards prevailing among road users comprising roadways cladded with snowfall, construction worksites or repairing of roads taking place and telling the people to follow an alternative route. It alerts the person who is passing through the road about the maximum possible extremity that his vehicle is trying to achieve indicating slowing down the speed of vehicle since chances of having collision cannot be ruled out. The traffic sign images were acquired from the image database and were subjected to some pre-processing techniques such as conversion of original into gray scale images, filtering the images with the help of Averaging Filter, Wiener Filter, carrying out the operation of Unsharp Mask Filtering which consists of performing the conventional method of Unsharp Mask Filtering as well as controlling the amount of sharpness with the help of certain parameters. In the future, we will concentrate on detecting, recognizing as well as classifying a particular sign board.

A survey of different image processing methods for the design and development of an efficient traffic sign board recognition system

This paper focuses on the problem of minimizing complex electronic circuits to scale of 10-9 m (1 nano meter) thus helping in the process of fast operation, better performance, low cost, reliability, simple in size and easy to fabricate. The materials which are used in the manufacturing of nano electronic devices are commonly called as nano materials. The use of nano materials led to design and development of nano devices which ease the process of design of logic circuits. The applications of nano technology include medical, engineering and pure as well as applied sciences. In this paper, a detailed study of how the different nano materials are manufactured and how the manufacturing of nano electronic devices is done is clearly described. This paper illustrates the need for nano technology in modern era and facilitates the use of nano technology as a prerequisite for the development of modern engineering technology.

Nanomaterials and nanotechnology: future emerging technology

This research paper focuses the importance of implementing the necessary and mandatory rules and regulations which are responsible for evaluation of the current threats which pose a major challenge towards the world of computers and fast multimedia services. The computer is becoming more important nowadays because of the rapidly growing technology and evolution of Internet and other Multimedia facilities. The human being is benefitted due to the facilities and services which are being provided by the Internet like Social Networking sites such as Face book, Orkut, Twitter, WhatsApp etc.

Implementation of a robust and safe cyber security system by preventing the intrusion of outsiders by formulation of a novel and efficient cyber law enforcement policy

Abhinav V. Deshpande

Papers

Design Approach for Content-based Image Retrieval using Gabor-Zernike features

System designing and modelling using fpga

A survey of different image processing methods for the design and development of an efficient traffic sign board recognition system

Nanomaterials and nanotechnology: future emerging technology

Implementation of a robust and safe cyber security system by preventing the intrusion of outsiders by formulation of a novel and efficient cyber law enforcement policy