Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

This paper surveys the field of augmented reality AR, in which 3D virtual objects are integrated into a 3D real environment in real time. It describes the medical, manufacturing, visualization, path planning, entertainment, and military applications that have been explored. This paper describes the characteristics of augmented reality systems, including a detailed discussion of the tradeoffs between optical and video blending approaches. Registration and sensing errors are two of the biggest problems in building effective augmented reality systems, so this paper summarizes current efforts to overcome these problems. Future directions and areas requiring further research are discussed. This survey provides a starting point for anyone interested in researching or using augmented reality.

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A survey of augmented reality

Paul Milgram received the BASc degree from the University of Toronto in 1970, the MSEE degree from the Technion (Israel) in 1973 and the PhD degree from the University of Toronto in 1980 From 1980 to 1982 he was a ZWO Visiting Scientist and a NATO Postdoctoral in the Netherlands, researching automobile driving behaviour From 1982 to 1984 he was a Senior Research Engineer in Human Engineering at the National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR) in Amsterdam, where his work involved the modelling of aircraft flight crew activity, advanced display concepts and control loops with human operators in space teleoperation Since 1986 he has worked at the Industrial Engineering Department of the University of Toronto, where he is currently an Associate Professor and Coordinator of the Human Factors Engineering group He is also cross appointed to the Department of Psychology In 1993-94 he was an invited researcher at the ATR Communication Systems Research Laboratories, in Kyoto, Japan His research interests include display and control issues in telerobotics and virtual environments, stereoscopic video and computer graphics, cognitive engineering, and human factors issues in medicine He is also President of Translucent Technologies, a company which produces "Plato" liquid crystal visual occlusion spectacles (of which he is the inventor), for visual and psychomotor research

/pdf/a-taxonomy-of-mixed-reality-visual-displays-54v3x9pjl3.pdf

A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays

In 1997, Azuma published a survey on augmented reality (AR). Our goal is to complement, rather than replace, the original survey by presenting representative examples of the new advances. We refer one to the original survey for descriptions of potential applications (such as medical visualization, maintenance and repair of complex equipment, annotation, and path planning); summaries of AR system characteristics (such as the advantages and disadvantages of optical and video approaches to blending virtual and real, problems in display focus and contrast, and system portability); and an introduction to the crucial problem of registration, including sources of registration error and error-reduction strategies.

https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~blair/papers/ARsurveyCGA.pdf

Recent advances in augmented reality

In this paper we discuss augmented reality (AR) displays in a general sense, within the context of a reality-virtuality (RV) continuum, encompassing a large class of `mixed reality' (MR) displays, which also includes augmented virtuality (AV). MR displays are defined by means of seven examples of existing display concepts in which real objects and virtual objects are juxtaposed. Essential factors which distinguish different MR display systems from each other are presented, first by means of a table in which the nature of the underlying scene, how it is viewed, and the observer's reference to it are compared, and then by means of a three dimensional taxonomic framework comprising: extent of world knowledge, reproduction fidelity, and extent of presence metaphor. A principal objective of the taxonomy is to clarify terminology issues and to provide a framework for classifying research across different disciplines.

/pdf/augmented-reality-a-class-of-displays-on-the-reality-3h6y5kudax.pdf

Augmented Reality : A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum

We have collected a corpus of data from natural meetings that occurred at the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) in Berkeley, California over the last three years The corpus contains audio recorded simultaneously from head-worn and table-top microphones, word-level transcripts of meetings, and various metadata on participants, meetings, and hardware Such a corpus supports work in automatic speech recognition, noise robustness, dialog modeling, prosody, rich transcription, information retrieval, and more We present details on the contents of the corpus, as well as rationales for the decisions that led to its configuration The corpus were delivered to the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC)

/pdf/the-icsi-meeting-corpus-1hle0448sk.pdf

The ICSI Meeting Corpus

The authors have developed "augmented reality" technology, consisting of a see-through head-mounted display, a robust, accurate position/orientation sensor, and their supporting electronics and software. Their primary goal is to apply this technology to touch labor manufacturing processes, enabling a factory worker to view index markings or instructions as if they were painted on the surface of a workpiece. In order to accurately project graphics onto specific points of a workpiece, it is necessary to have the coordinates of the workpiece, the display's virtual screen, the position sensor, and the user's eyes in the same coordinate system. The linear transformation and projection of each point to be displayed from world coordinates to virtual screen coordinates are described, and the experimental procedures for determining the correct values of the calibration parameters are characterized. >

Calibration of head-mounted displays for augmented reality applications

In collaboration with colleagues at UW, OGI, IBM, and SRI, we are developing technology to process spoken language from informal meetings. The work includes a substantial data collection and transcription effort, and has required a nontrivial degree of infrastructure development. We are undertaking this because the new task area provides a significant challenge to current HLT capabilities, while offering the promise of a wide range of potential applications. In this paper, we give our vision of the task, the challenges it represents, and the current state of our development, with particular attention to automatic transcription.

/pdf/the-meeting-project-at-icsi-bht1cfwl2u.pdf

The meeting project at ICSI

This paper provides a progress report on ICSI s Meeting Project, including both the data collected and annotated as part of the pro-ject, as well as the research lines such materials support. We include a general description of the official ICSI Meeting Corpus , as currently available through the Linguistic Data Consortium, discuss some of the existing and planned annotations which augment the basic transcripts provided there, and describe several research efforts that make use of these materials. The corpus supports wide-ranging efforts, from low-level processing of the audio signal (including automatic speech transcription, speaker tracking, and work on far-field acoustics) to higher-level analyses of meeting structure, content, and interactions (such as topic and sentence segmentation, and automatic detection of dialogue acts and meeting hot spots ).

http://http.icsi.berkeley.edu/ftp/pub/speech/papers/nist2004-meeting-janin.pdf

Adam Janin

Papers

The ICSI Meeting Corpus

Calibration of head-mounted displays for augmented reality applications

The meeting project at ICSI

The ICSI Meeting Project: Resources and Research

Several devils in the details: making an AR application work in the airplane factory