2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1797952/1-s2.0-S0140673618322797-main.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/164632/2/01_Bin%2bSayeed_Global%252C_regional%252C_and_national_2018.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, andyears lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematicanalysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, SCM, FAHA Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Stephanie E. Chiuve, ScD Mary Cushman, MD, MSc, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, FAHA Rajat Deo, MD, MTR Sarah D. de Ferranti, MD, MPH James Floyd, MD, MS Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Cathleen Gillespie, MS Carmen R. Isasi, MD, PhD, FAHA Monik C. Jiménez, ScD, SM Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD Suzanne E. Judd, PhD Daniel Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Lynda Lisabeth, PhD, MPH, FAHA Simin Liu, MD, ScD, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Rachel H. Mackey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH, FAHA Robert W. Neumar, MD, PhD, FAHA Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS, FAHA Dilip K. Pandey, MBBS, MS, PhD, FAHA Ravi R. Thiagarajan, MD, MPH Mathew J. Reeves, PhD Matthew Ritchey, PT, DPT, OCS, MPH Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, FAHA Comilla Sasson, MD, PhD, FAHA Amytis Towfighi, MD Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH Melanie B. Turner, MPH Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA Jenifer H. Voeks, PhD Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS John T. Wilkins, MD Jason HY. Wu, MSc, PhD, FAHA Heather M. Alger, PhD Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Paul Muntner, PhD, MHSc On behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/259213304/PIIS0140673620309259.pdf

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Vitamin A deficiency has long been a public health nutritional problem among children across the world, affecting mostly children in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. Vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia, a range of eye conditions from night blindness to more severe clinical outcomes such as keratomalacia and corneal scars, and permanent blindness. Therefore, this study aimed to assess prevalence of xerophthalmia and associated factors among Fedis primary School children, Oromia National Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 738 children of age 6 to 12 years. Data were collected using structured interview based questionnaires and ocular examination was carried out by ophthalmologic nurse to identify xerophthalmia. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1. and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed. Odd ratio together with 95% CI was estimated to identify factors associated with xerophthalmia. Level of statistically significance was declared at p<5%. The prevalence of Bitot’s spot, night blindness and xerophthalmia was 2.8% [95%CI (1.82 to 4.24%)], 14.2% [95%CI (11.85 to 16.89%)] and 14.6% [95%CI (12.2 to 17.3%)], respectively. The odds of xerophthalmia is 0.13 times less among uneducated mother/caregiver [AOR=0.13, 95%CI (0.03-0.55)]. Children whose family produce cash crop were 4.80 times more affected by xerophthalmia [AOR=4.80, 95% CI (1.55 to 14.83)]. The odds of xerophthalmia among the children from household which have no latrine is 1.92 times higher [AOR=1.92, 95% CI (1.06 to 3.48)]. In general, the prevalence of xerophthalmia was very high and remains a public health issue. Cash crop production, maternal education and availability of latrine were factors associated with xerophthalmia. Therefore, awareness creation to the community and emphasis on vitamin A rich food consumption for prevention of vitamin A deficiency was highly recommended.

	Key words: Prevalence, Xerophthalmia, Biot’s spots, vitamin A deficiency, Night blindness, school age children.

Prevalence of xerophthalmia and associated factors among school age children of Fadis, Oromia regional state, Eastern Ethiopia: School based cross-sectional study

Addisu Shunu Beyene

Papers

Prevalence of xerophthalmia and associated factors among school age children of Fadis, Oromia regional state, Eastern Ethiopia: School based cross-sectional study