Going to College tells the powerful story of how high school students make choices about postsecondary education. Drawing on their unprecedented nine-year study of high school students, the authors explore how students and their parents negotiate these important decisions. Family background, finances, education, information-all influence students' plans after high school and the career paths they pursue, as do the more subtle messages delivered by parents and counselors which shape adolescents' self-expectations. For high school guidance counselors, college admissions counselors, parents and teachers, and public policy makers, this book is a valuable resource that explains the decision-making process and helps adults to help students make appropriate choices. The authors identify predisposition, search, and choice as the three stages in the student decision-making process. Predisposition refers to the plans students develop for education or work after they graduate from high school. The search stage involves students discovering and evaluating a variety of colleges and universities. In the choice stage, students choose a school to attend from among a list of institutions that are being seriously considered. Understanding exactly how students move through the predisposition, search, and choice stages of the college decision-making process can help students and parents prepare themselves for this process and consider a wider array of options. For education professionals, understanding this process can lead to new initiatives to guide students and families effectively-by providing better incentives for college savings, for example, or devising more effective early information programs about postsecondary education. Going to Collegeis the first book to seriously study over an extended period the decisions that have a pervasive and lasting impact on individual careers, livelihoods, and lifestyles. The authors conclude with important recommendations for improving academic support, exploring various financial options, providing early encouragement-in other words, for recognizing the factors that influence students' decisions, and knowing when to pay attention to them.

Going to College: How Social, Economic, and Educational Factors Influence the Decisions Students Make

Book Review: Motivate MeBlack American Students in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic DisengagementOgbuJohn U.Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003.: Black American Students in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement

The European Second Generation Compared - 2[-]Table of contents - 6[-]Acknowledgements - 8[-]1 Introduction - 12[-]2 Comparative integration context theory Participation and belonging in diverse European cities - 20[-]3 Research methodology - 40[-]4 The TIES respondents and their parents Background socio-demographic characteristics - 58[-]5 School careers of second-generation youth in Europe Which education systems provide the best chances for success? - 102[-]6 Assessing the labour market position and its determinants for the second generation - 166[-]7 Union formation and partner choice - 226[-]8 Identities Urban belonging and intercultural relations - 286[-]9 Ways of 'being Muslim' Religious identities of second-generation Turks - 342[-]10 Conclusions and implications The integration context matters - 376[-]List of contributors - 406

The European Second Generation Compared: Does the Integration Context Matter?

ans who take the issue of segregation from one of being unfair to being bad economic policy for cities, regions, states, and the United States as a whole. They are right. But many of you will also recall Nobel Laureate Gary Becker who argued that in the long run it does not pay to discriminate. Where did that get us? Each chapter contains important policy recommendations. This is particularly emphasized in a chapter by Greg Squires on fair housing enforcement as well as the editors’ closing remarks on attaining a just society. Segregation is the essential synthesis of what we need to know to move this issue forward. That will not be enough but it is what we have. Read it and use it.

Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study

The status of blacks in American society has been the subject of several important reports in recent years. For example, the US Department of Health and Human ServicesReport of the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health(1985) identified the six medical conditions for which the gaps in mortality between whites and blacks are the greatest. A few years later, the American Council on Education and the Education Commission of the States publishedOne Third of a Nation—A Report of the Commission on Minority Participation in Education and American Life. These as well as other recent publications on the status of blacks are useful references for the study of the specific inequities that black Americans experience in areas such as education, medical services, housing, and employment opportunities. Most of these publications, however, examine no more than one or two aspects of the conditions that persistently burden the lives

A Common Destiny: Blacks and American Society

With reference to capital theories and rational choice theory, this paper aims to understand how abilities and schooling ambitions are intertwined with social class, gender and ethnicity. By drawing on 16 in-depth interviews carried out with highly educated second-generation Turks in the Netherlands, the paper discusses the resources, opportunities and educational attitudes of young people, together with the role of the school system and that of teachers in perpetuating ethnic inequalities in schooling, with special emphasis on gender differences in schooling ambitions.

'Go, go on and go higher an' higher'. Second-generation Turks' understanding of the role of education and their struggle through the Dutch school system

International student mobility, especially at doctoral level, is a largely under-researched component of international migration. This is in stark contrast with the case of credit mobility where much research has been undertaken on Erasmus students. The aim of this paper is to remedy the situation by focusing on international doctoral students who chose to study at an elite higher education institution in the UK. By analysing the role of – local, national and international – schemes of funding in shaping individual mobility decisions, the author argues against the portrayal of international students as ‘rational decision makers’ in favour of a more contextualised approach to mapping the graduate student migratory phenomenon. By contrasting the ‘entry channels’ of students with their future plans – in terms of the nature of future career and geographic location – the author challenges the assumption that internationally mobile students are coming with the intention of settling down in their study destination. The study cannot uphold the view of international students as a ‘migratory elite’ either; although some postgraduate students are indeed from more privileged backgrounds, many individuals undertake international doctoral mobility with the explicit aim of capital accumulation. Last but not least, the paper strongly argues for abandoning the term ‘spontaneous mobility’ in student mobility research because a significant proportion of degree mobility does not occur spontaneously but is a result of organised schemes of funding. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Careers on the move: International doctoral students at an elite British university

Based on in-depth interviews with doctoral students across different types of English higher education institutions, this study explores existing and perceived barriers to entering doctoral study Previous research in widening participation and higher education access has neglected this level Although the PhD is the highest educational qualification, there appear to be quite distinct, classed pathways in access to and through the doctorate corresponding to patterns of institutional stratification PhD students do not comprise a homogeneous elite; rather, we detect at least three ideal-typical pathways to the doctorate These pathways illustrate disparities among the community of PhD students, both between and within universities Marked differences in funding, facilities and support carry consequences for individual chances of completion and the doctoral experience Social and institutional stratification appear to work hand-in-hand in determining one’s chances for achieving the ‘promise’ of the 

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All PhDs are equal but … Institutional and social stratification in access to the doctorate

This paper examines the integration of Turkish labour migrant children in four countries across Europe in terms of their educational performance. By looking at the PISA 2003 (Programme for International Student Assessment) data pertaining to mathematics achievement of 15-year-olds, it explores the effects of ethnicity, gender and family background, on the one hand, and institutional factors (such as kindergarten attendance, grading and tracking), on the other, to offer a better understanding of the large immigrant-native gaps in educational performance. As a result, the author argues that institutional factors can have an impact on school-related integration, in addition to the effects associated with individual factors, thus adding another layer of disadvantage on the children of immigrants.

The children of guest workers: comparative analysis of scholastic achievement of pupils of Turkish origin throughout Europe

The article aims to explore immigrant educational pathways in relation to access to higher education (HE) in the Austrian context. Specifically focusing on Turkish youth, the author presents case studies of students who successfully entered HE in spite of their disadvantaged social, ethnic and geographic background. By further enhancing Ball’s distinction (Ball, Reay, and David 2002) between embedded and contingent choosers, the article provides an in-depth understanding of the cultural and structural context in which these students’ educational choices are played out. Finally, reaching out for Turner’s (1960) notion of sponsored mobility, the article reflects on how the process of early selection reduces the opportunities for immigrant youth to access seemingly open and free HE.

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Adél Pásztor

Papers

'Go, go on and go higher an' higher'. Second-generation Turks' understanding of the role of education and their struggle through the Dutch school system

Careers on the move: International doctoral students at an elite British university

All PhDs are equal but … Institutional and social stratification in access to the doctorate

The children of guest workers: comparative analysis of scholastic achievement of pupils of Turkish origin throughout Europe

Divergent pathways: the road to higher education for second-generation Turks in Austria