International regimes almost always reflect two or more principles In recent centuries the law of the sea has reflected a tradeoff between free access and national enclosure, and then recently a third principle, common heritage, was integrated into the regime The relative prominence of these principles has been influenced by changing uses of the oceans, the distribution of benefits from alternative regulatory arrangements, and changes in the distribution of power The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea represents a complex balancing of the three principles The extension of coastal‐state economic jurisdiction to 200 miles and the increased assurances of freedom of navigation have broad support, but the hybrid free‐access/common‐heritage regime for deep seabed mining has been challenged by some developed countries that favor greater weight for free access These are, however, not likely to be the two alternatives Rather they are likely to be a hybrid close to that in Part XI o

Down to the sea with stakes: The evolving law of the sea and the future of the deep seabed regime

SynopsisUsing 51 manifestations of childhood dysfunction as index of adjustment, the relationship was investigated of 9 demographic characteristics of applicants for adoption to the adjustment of children, when aged 7 to 7 1/2 years, whom they had adopted. ‘Good adjustment’ was associated with the father having at least completed high school, having a non-manual occupation and an above median income. There was a trend for it to be also associated with the mother having at least completed high school, being under 30 years of age, and with the couple's non-committal on (i.e., not outright rejection of) the possibility of adopting a hard to place child. The findings were discussed critically and it was concluded that the study demonstrated the feasibility of establishing objective empirical criteria for the selection of adoption applicants.

Adjustment of adopted children and demographic profile of adoptive parents.

This study traces the evolution of municipal legislation for the deep seabed in the United States of America and the Federal Republic of Germany, and considers what the United States seeks to gain and what it may possibly lose through its recent enactment of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act. The study concludes that the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral‐Resources Act will ensure for the United States that the minerals of the deep seabed are (if they can be) available when needed, and will strengthen the negotiating position of the United States in UNCLOS III vis‐a‐vis a proposed seabed regime which it perceives as inefficient toward the development of manganese nodules, and unacceptable in the system of governance it promotes. Passage of the Act, it is concluded, will probably not result in a breakdown of the Law of the Sea negotiations. It is thought it will give rise to a legal challenge, the outcome of which is difficult to predict. Finally, it is asserted that political/economic opposition t...

Adolf R.H. Schneider

Papers

A viable convention

A shadow of unilateral actions

Balancing the interests

UNCLOS III: At the threshold of a sea convention