Traditional power grids are being transformed into smart grids (SGs) to address the issues in the existing power system due to uni-directional information flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability, and security. SGs offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers, involving power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization systems. SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis, and control of the grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers, and in consumers' premises in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation, and the tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption of energy by incorporating the IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators, and smart meters), as well as by providing the connectivity, automation, and tracking for such devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on the IoT-aided SG systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications, and prototypes of the IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues, challenges, and future research directions for the IoT-aided SG systems.

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Internet of Things-Aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions

Smart farming adopts advanced technology and the corresponding principles to increase the amount of production and economic returns, often also with the goal to reduce the impact on the environment. One of the key elements of smart farming is the farm management information systems (FMISs) that supports the automation of data acquisition and processing, monitoring, planning, decision making, documenting, and managing the farm operations. An increased number of FMISs now adopt internet of things (IoT) technology to further optimize the targeted business goals. Obviously IoT systems in agriculture typically have different functional and quality requirements such as choice of communication protocols, the data processing capacity, the security level, safety level, and time performance. For developing an IoT-based FMIS, it is important to design the proper architecture that meets the corresponding requirements. To guide the architect in designing the IoT based farm management information system that meets the business objectives a systematic approach is provided. To this end a design-driven research approach is adopted in which feature-driven domain analysis is used to model the various smart farming requirements. Further, based on a FMIS and IoT reference architectures the steps and the modeling approaches for designing IoT-based FMIS architectures are described. The approach is illustrated using two case studies on smart farming in Turkey, one for smart wheat production in Konya, and the other for smart green houses in Antalya.

/pdf/architecture-design-approach-for-iot-based-farm-management-3cn84u8erj.pdf

Architecture design approach for IoT-based farm management information systems

Keeping up with the burgeoning Internet of Things (IoT) requires staying up to date on the latest network attack trends in dynamic and complicated cyberspace, and take them into account while developing holistic information security (IS) approaches for the IoT. Due to multiple vulnerabilities in the IoT foundations, many targeted attacks are continuing to evolve. This survey of related work in the very specialized field of IS assurance for the IoT develops a taxonomy of typical attacks against IoT assets (with special attention to IoT device protection). Based on this taxonomy, the key directions for countering these attacks are defined. According to the modern demand for the IoT and big IS-related data processing, we propose applying the Security Intelligence approach. The results obtained, when compared with the related work and numerous analogues, are based on the following research methodology: view the IoT as a security object to be protected, leading to understanding its vulnerabilities and possible attacks against the IoT exploiting these vulnerabilities, and from there approaches to protecting the IoT. A few areas of the future research, among which the IoT operational resilience and usage of the blockchain technology seem to us the most interesting, are indicated.

Internet of Things: information security challenges and solutions

The vision of the Internet of Things enabled the development of a wide spectrum of services, applications and ecosystems, deemed infeasible not long ago. However, lack of standardization poses a number of questions still requiring proper addressing. Due to the need of supporting large number of users and significant data processing throughput, Internet of Things requires a specific approach towards the problem of providing sufficient scalability and performance, clearly pointing towards the distribution of effort among a large number of small and specialized services. Reflecting on the importance of coexistence of heterogeneous systems supporting the Internet of Things, this paper presents an overview of the specific problems inherent to the IoT and the proposal of an architecture of a microservice based middleware aimed at connecting heterogeneous IoT devices. The middleware functionality is achieved irrespective of the size and complexity of a given device network, both from the data model aspect and from the aspect of connecting existing and newly created middleware components.

Architecture of an interoperable IoT platform based on microservices

In order to feed a growing global population projected to increase to 9 billion by 2050, food production will need to increase from its current level. The bulk of this growth will need to come from smallholder farmers who rely on generational knowledge in their farming practices and who live in locations where weather patterns and seasons are becoming less predictable due to climate change. The expansion of internet-connected devices is increasing opportunities to apply digital tools and services on smallholder farms, including monitoring soil and plants in horticulture, water quality in aquaculture, and ambient environments in greenhouses. In combination with other food security efforts, internet of things (IoT)-enabled precision smallholder farming has the potential to improve livelihoods and accelerate low- and middle-income countries’ journey to self-reliance. Using a combination of interviews, surveys and site visits to gather information, this research presents a review of the current state of the IoT for on-farm measurement, cases of successful IoT implementation in low- and middle-income countries, challenges associated with implementing the IoT on smallholder farms, and recommendations for practitioners.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/9/3750/pdf

A Review of Practice and Implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) for Smallholder Agriculture

Take your idea from concept to production with this unique guide Whether it's called physical computing, ubiquitous computing, or the Internet of Things, it's a hot topic in technology: how to channel your inner Steve Jobs and successfully combine hardware, embedded software, web services, electronics, and cool design to create cutting-edge devices that are fun, interactive, and practical. If you'd like to create the next must-have product, this unique book is the perfect place to start. Both a creative and practical primer, it explores the platforms you can use to develop hardware or software, discusses design concepts that will make your products eye-catching and appealing, and shows you ways to scale up from a single prototype to mass production. Helps software engineers, web designers, product designers, and electronics engineers start designing products using the Internet-of-Things approach Explains how to combine sensors, servos, robotics, Arduino chips, and more with various networks or the Internet, to create interactive, cutting-edge devices Provides an overview of the necessary steps to take your idea from concept through production If you'd like to design for the future, Designing the Internet of Things is a great place to start.

Adrian McEwen

Papers

Designing the Internet of Things