MUCKE aims to mine a large volume of images, to structure them conceptually and to use this conceptual structuring in order to improve large-scale image retrieval. The last decade witnessed important progress concerning low-level image representations. However, there are a number problems which need to be solved in order to unleash the full potential of image mining in applications. The central problem with low-level representations is the mismatch between them and the human interpretation of image content. This problem can be instantiated, for instance, by the incapability of existing descriptors to capture spatial relationships between the concepts represented or by their incapability to convey an explanation of why two images are similar in a content-based image retrieval framework. We start by assessing existing local descriptors for image classification and by proposing to use co-occurrence matrices to better capture spatial relationships in images. The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images. Consequently, we introduce methods which tackle these two problems and compare results to state of the art methods. Note: some aspects of this deliverable are withheld at this time as they are pending review. Please contact the authors for a preview.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/4524/12820/00592460.pdf

Image Processing

Introduction to heat transfer

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Principles Of Enhanced Heat Transfer

Aerogel is a kind of synthetic porous material, in which the liquid component of the gel is replaced with a gas. Aerogel has specific acoustic properties and remarkably lower thermal conductivity (≈0.013 W/m K) than the other commercial insulating materials. It also has superior physical and chemical characteristics like the translucent structure. Therefore, it is considered as one of the most promising thermal insulating materials for building applications. Besides its applications in residential and industrial buildings, aerogel has a great deal of application areas such as spacecrafts, skyscrapers, automobiles, electronic devices, clothing etc. Although current cost of aerogel still remains higher compared to the conventional insulation materials, intensive efforts are made to reduce its manufacturing cost and hence enable it to become widespread all over the world. In this study, a comprehensive review on aerogel and its utilization in buildings are presented. Thermal insulation materials based on aerogel are illustrated with various applications. Economic analysis and future potential of aerogel are also considered in the study.

Toward aerogel based thermal superinsulation in buildings: A comprehensive review

With the largest installed capacity in the world, wind power in China is experiencing a $\sim 20\%$ curtailment during operation. The large portion of the generation capacity from inflexible combined heat and power (CHP) is the major barrier for integrating this variable power source. This paper explores opportunities for increasing the flexibility of CHP units using electrical boilers and heat storage tanks for better integration of wind power. A linear model is proposed for the centralized dispatch for integrated energy systems considering both heat and power, with detailed modeling of the charging processes of the heat storage tanks. The model balances heat and power demands in multiple areas and time periods with various energy sources, including CHP, wind power, electrical boilers, and heat storage. The impact of introducing electrical boilers and heat storage systems is examined using a simple test system with characteristics similar to those of the power systems in Northern China. Our results show that both electrical boilers and heat storage tanks can improve the flexibility of CHP units: introducing electrical boilers is more effective at reducing wind curtailment, whereas heat storage tanks save more energy in the energy system as a whole, which reflect a different heating efficiency of the two solutions.

Increasing the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Wind Power Integration in China: Modeling and Implications

TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1- Introduction and Basic Concepts Chapter 2- Heat Conduction Equation Chapter 3- Steady Heat Conduction Chapter 4- Transient Heat Conduction Chapter 5- Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction Chapter 6- Fundamentals of Convection Chapter 7- External Forced Convection Chapter 8- Internal Forced Convection Chapter 9- Natural Convection Chapter 10- Boiling and Condensation Chapter 11- Heat Exchangers Chapter 12- Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation Chapter 13- Radiation Heat Transfer Chapter 14- Mass Transfer Chapter 15 (Web Chapter)- Cooling of Electronic Equipment Chapter 16 (Web Chapter)- Heating and Cooling of Buildings Chapter 17 (Web Chapter)- Refrigeration and Freezing of Foods Appendix 1- Property Tables and Charts (SI Units) Appendix 2- Property Tables and Charts (English Units)

Afshin J. Ghajar

Papers

Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals & Applications

Comparison of void fraction correlations for different flow patterns in horizontal and upward inclined pipes

A flow pattern independent drift flux model based void fraction correlation for a wide range of gas–liquid two phase flow

Heat transfer measurements and correlations in the transition region for a circular tube with three different inlet configurations

Influence of inlet geometry on mixing in thermocline thermal energy storage