Orthopaedic Medicine: A Practical Approach

The COVID-19 pandemic changed people's lifestyles and such changed lifestyles included the potential of increasing addictive behaviors. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of different behavioral addictions (i.e., internet addiction, smartphone addiction, gaming addiction, social media addiction, food addiction, exercise addiction, gambling addiction, and shopping addiction) both overall and separately.Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and ProQuest) were searched. Peer-reviewed papers published in English between December 2019 and July 2022 were reviewed and analyzed. Search terms were selected using PECO-S criteria: population (no limitation in participants' characteristics), exposure (COVID-19 pandemic), comparison (healthy populations), outcome (frequency or prevalence of behavioral addiction), and study design (observational study). A total of 94 studies with 237,657 participants from 40 different countries (mean age 25.02 years; 57.41% females). The overall prevalence of behavioral addiction irrespective of addiction type (after correcting for publication bias) was 11.1% (95% CI: 5.4 to 16.8%). The prevalence rates for each separate behavioral addiction (after correcting for publication bias) were 10.6% for internet addiction, 30.7% for smartphone addiction, 5.3% for gaming addiction, 15.1% for social media addiction, 21% for food addiction, 9.4% for sex addiction, 7% for exercise addiction, 7.2% for gambling addiction, and 7.2% for shopping addiction. In the lockdown periods, prevalence of food addiction, gaming addiction, and social media addiction was higher compared to non-lockdown periods. Smartphone and social media addiction was associated with methodological quality of studies (i.e., the higher the risk of boas, the higher the prevalence rate). Other associated factors of social media addiction were the percentage of female participants, mean age of participants, percentage of individuals using the internet in country, and developing status of country. The percentage of individuals in the population using the internet was associated with all the prevalence of behavioral addiction overall and the prevalence of sex addiction and gambling addiction. Gaming addiction prevalence was associated with data collection method (online vs. other methods) that is gaming addiction prevalence was much lower using online methods to collect the data.Behavioral addictions appeared to be potential health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare providers and government authorities should foster some campaigns that assist people in coping with stress during COVID-19 pandemics to prevent them from developing behavioral addictions during COVID-19 and subsequent pandemics.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40429-022-00435-6. 

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Estimation of Behavioral Addiction Prevalence During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Hypertension is one type of non-communicable disease, which is increasing every year. Hypertension is a condition where systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/ or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. Today the treatment of disease including hypertension has been widely modified between pharmacological therapy and non-pharmacological therapy. One of the non-pharmacological therapies currently used is relaxation therapy in a deep breath and progressive muscle relaxation. This study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on the physiological response of hypertensive patients at Cipayung Health Center, East Jakarta. The research design used was a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test with control group design. The number of research samples was 37 respondents in the intervention group and 37 respondents for the control group. The results showed that there was a difference in diastolic blood pressure between the intervention group and the control group after progressive muscle relaxation intervention (p-value=0,000).

https://ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JK/article/download/1139/898

Pengaruh Terapi Relaksasi Otot Progresif terhadap Respon Fisiologis Pasien Hipertensi

Moroccan medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of skin diseases: From ethnobotany to clinical trials.

Medicinal plants have gained much importance in cosmetic development due to their abundant bioactive compounds and relatively fewer side effects. Indonesia comprises a diverse range of medicinal plants, along with multiple ethnicities and cultures. For decades, Indonesian traditional medicinal plants, known as jamu, had been utilized for skin care, skin whitening, and oral health. In the present review, several Indonesian medicinal plants have been discussed in relation to their potency for cosmetic and oral health. Recent scientific evidences showed that medicinal plants reviewed in this paper have the appropriate bioactivities with the major requirements for cosmetic and oral health including antioxidant, antiglycation, skin whitening via tyrosinase inhibitor and melanogenesis inhibition, antiacne activities (against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis ) and biofilm degradation against Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans . One of plant, namely Zingiber officinale reported having all of those requirements indicating the most potential for cosmetic and oral health agents. In summary, further research on Indonesian medicinal plants should be conducted to provide holistic knowledge for the development of cosmetic and oral health products.

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Potential Use of Indonesian Medicinal Plants for Cosmetic and Oral Health: A Review

Background: Infection is one of the main causes of disease in tropical regions like Indonesia. One of them can be caused by bacterial infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic bacterium that attacks individuals when the body's immune system is weak. The incidence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics that already exist so that requires an alternative treatment, one of which is the use of temulawak rhizome extract ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb). Temulawak rhizome is one of the spices which is still often used as traditional medicine among Indonesian people. Temulawak rhizome extract is known to have a variety of chemical contents with active compounds in the form of essential oils xanthorrhizol and curcumin which can affect the rate of bacterial growth. Methods: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of temulawak rhizome extract on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vitro. The method used in this study is the true experimental post test only control group design. Samples were divided into four treatment concentrations such as the extract concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of temulawak rhizome which was tested by agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Result: T he results of the analyze of variant (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference (p = 0,000). The temulawak extract could inhibit bacterial growth with a medium inhibitory response (5-10 mm). Temulawak rhizome extract showed the greatest inhibition at 100% concentration with an average inhibition zone diameter of 9.20 mm. Conclusion : The extract of temulawak rhizome has antibacterial activity. The higher concentration of temulawak rhizome extract ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb), the greater ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria.

Antibacterial Activity from Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on Growth Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro

Stunting is a global health problem. Based on WHO data, there are 161 million children who experience stunting. Breastmilk supplementation in the form of Moringa oleifera leaves powder is known to be beneficial in suppressing the stunting incidence. Moringa oleifera leaves powder contains protein, micronutrients, and minerals such as calcium, iron, sodium, vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and antioxidants (flavonoid acids, phenolic acids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and saponins). The use of Moringa oleifera leaves powder in stunting cases has been carried out, but further studies in the aspects of nutrigenomics and molecular biology have not been conducted. This study is a literature review of relevant articles from www.pubmed.com, www.sciencedirect.com, and scholar.google.com. The author used keywords "stunting", "nutrigenomics", "biomolecular", and " Moringa oleifera ". Pathogenic microbe such as Shigella and pathogenic E. coli ingestion can cause changes in DNA sequences in the stunting pathogenesis. Moringa oleifera leave powder can pass through nutrigenomic and biomolecular mechanisms. Some macro and micromolecules of Moringa oleifera leaves powder such as folate plays a role in DNA methylation; vegetable protein and fatty acids act as promoters in DNA sequences; vitamins act as cofactors for enzymes, antioxidant, and antiinflammation. Seeing various potential mechanisms in the aspects of nutrigenomic and molecular biology, Moringa oleifera leaves powder can be used in overcoming stunting. Further research is needed to give more review about cytokines and molecules included in this literature review.

https://www.jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/download/60113/30423

Nutrigenomic and Biomolecular Aspect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder as Supplementation for Stunting Children

The important locomotor skill possessed by children to carry out activities is running speed. Flat foot conditions affect the child's running speed. Hyperpronation forefoot which occurs on flat foot will reduce running speed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in running speed of 40 meters in boys aged 10-12 years with normal foot and flat foot. The study design used a cross-sectional analytic with total sample of 48 people and was conducted in March 2019. The study was conducted by examining the Staheli Arch Index and measure the running speed using a 40-meters running track. The data analysis technique used was the normality test using the Shapiro Wilk Test and the hypothesis test using Independent T-Test to test the difference in running values in groups of normal feet and flat feet. The Independent T-Test results obtained a value of p=0,003(p<0,05) which were there are a significant 40-meters running speed in the group of the normal foot and flat foot. The results of the study also showed that the average running speed in the normal foot group and flat foot group were 8,18 ± 0,61 and 8,87 ± 0,88. The conclusion of this study shows that there are the difference of 40-meters running speed in boys aged 10-12 years with normal foot and flat foot, where the normal foot group has a higher speed than the flat foot group.

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Perbedaan kecepatan lari 40 meter pada anak laki-laki usia 10-12 tahun dengan normal foot dan flat foot di sekolah dasar negeri 8 dauh puri

Background: Nowadays, the smartphone has become an important requirement. The number of smartphone users and the duration of smartphone use is increasing rapidly, and the side effects can be detrimental one of them is forward head posture. The prevalence of forward head posture is greater women (24.1%) than men (9.1%). Methods: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design.This research was conducted in April 2019 in SMP Negeri 2 Denpasar and SMP Negeri 4 Denpasar andincluding 56 samples, who were recruited through simple random sampling.Variables studied are smartphone addition was measured using the Smartphone Addiction Scale questionnaire, and forward head posture was measured by measuring craniovertebral angles. Data analysis was done using the Chi-Square test.  Result:  Based on this study, smartphone addiction was related to forward head posture. The research shows that as many as 45 samples had Smartphone Addiction (80.35%) while those who had forward head posture were 29 samples (51.78%). Conclusion :  Ignorance of how to sort and choose the effects of globalization, especially smartphone use, which can lead to posture disorders. The factor recognized factors for the occurrences of the forward head posture the lack of education about ergonomic positions when using a smartphone. Parents are advised to set the right smartphone usage for children as early as possible.

The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Forward Head Posture in Junior High School Students in North Denpasar

Salah satu bentuk irasionalitas penggunaan antibiotika adalah penggunaan antibiotika secara mandiri, tanpa resep dokter.Proporsi penggunaan antibiotika secara mandiri pada mahasiswa kedokteran lebih tinggi dibandingkan mahasiswa non kedokteran di beberapa negara.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji proporsi dan pola penggunaan antibiotika secara mandiri pada mahasiswa serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan analitik cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel diambil dengan teknikmultistage cluster sampling.Analisis hasil menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 81 orang dari 120 mahasiswa kedokteran (67,5%) pernah menggunakan antibiotika secara mandiri (tanpa resep dokter) sedangkan pada mahasiswa non kedokteran sebanyak 23 orang dari 120 mahasiswa (19,2%) (p<0,000).Dapat disimpulkan bahwa proporsi penggunaan antibiotika secara mandiri pada mahasiswa kedokteran lebih tinggi dibandingkan mahasiswa non kedokteran.

Agung Wiwiek Indrayani

Papers

Antibacterial Activity from Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on Growth Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro

Nutrigenomic and Biomolecular Aspect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder as Supplementation for Stunting Children

Perbedaan kecepatan lari 40 meter pada anak laki-laki usia 10-12 tahun dengan normal foot dan flat foot di sekolah dasar negeri 8 dauh puri

The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Forward Head Posture in Junior High School Students in North Denpasar

Penggunaan antibiotika secara mandiri pada mahasiswa kedokteran dan non kedokteran universitas udayana