日本には約110種の蚊が産する。その中で医学的に重要なのは, 幼虫(ボウフラ)が人里近くの水域に発生し, 雌成虫がヒトから好んで吸血する種である。西日本ではアカイエカ(南西諸島ではネッタイイエカにおきかわる), チカイエカ, コガタアカイエカ, ヒトスジシマカなどが最も重要である。これらの種は生態がことなるので, その被害に対する効果的対策もことなる。雌成虫が吸血源となる動物を発見して完了するまでの過程は複雑で, わかつていない点もある。

Biology of mosquitoes.

The projected growth in global food demand has resulted in increased attention towards underutilized crops with the potential to improve global food security and ability to mitigate adverse effects of climate changes. Changing consumer demands in favour of more nutritiously balanced and organically grown crops have added to the interest in species such as amaranth. Promoting the consumption and cultivation of amaranth could be valuable due to its unique nutrient composition and inherent tolerance of drought and other stress factors. Due to current and predicted effects of climate changes, these attributes are becoming increasingly important. Amaranth is a source of high quality protein, as well as dietary fibre and lipids rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The seeds contain desirable levels of minerals, vitamins for human diets, in addition to other bioactive components such as phytosterols, squalene, fagopyritols, saponins and polyphenols. Amaranth is currently in demand by specific consumer groups, such as high-performance athletes, malnourished children, and people suffering from diabetes and coeliac disease. Even so, there are few detailed analyses available concerning the potential for using amaranth to improve and support agricultural productivity in developing countries. The present review has assessed the promotion and improvement of amaranth production in East Africa to hold subtstantial potential for benefitting small-holder farmers in Africa, by providing a stable source of income and food for subsistence farmers, while also mitigating the impact of climate change through the prospect of supporting the establishment of food and nutritional security.

The Potential for Utilizing the Seed Crop Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) in East Africa as an Alternative Crop to Support Food Security and Climate Change Mitigation

Cyclocephaline scarab beetles represent the second largest tribe of the subfamily Dynastinae, and the group includes the most speciose genus of dynastines, Cyclocephala. The period following publication of Sebő Endrődi's The Dynastinae of the World has seen a huge increase in research interest on cyclocephalines, and much of this research has not been synthesized. The objective of this catalog and bibliography is to compile an exhaustive list of taxa in Cyclocephalini. This paper provides an updated foundation for understanding the taxonomy and classification of 14 genera and over 500 species in the tribe. It discusses the history of cataloging dynastine species, clarifies issues surrounding the neotype designations in Endrődi's revision of Cyclocephalini, synthesizes all published distribution data for cyclocephaline species, and increases accessibility to the voluminous literature on the group by providing an easily searchable bibliography for each species. We propose the nomen novum Cyclocephala rogerpauli, new replacement name, for C. nigra Dechambre.

/pdf/annotated-catalog-and-bibliography-of-the-cyclocephaline-2lqbt6n7s0.pdf

Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini).

Les criquets : une nouvelle source d’aliments ? (synthese bibliographique) Description du sujet. Du fait de l’augmentation actuelle de la demande en aliments carnes, il devient necessaire de diversifier les sources de proteines en considerant, par exemple, celles provenant des insectes. Litterature. Les criquets representent une part importante des insectes consommes dans le monde. Diverses etudes s’interessent a la composition nutritive, minerale et en vitamines, ainsi qu’aux profils en acides amines et en acides gras de certaines especes de criquets et suggerent que ces dernieres auraient une bonne qualite nutritionnelle. De plus, dans cette synthese bibliographique, les interets environnementaux et sanitaires lies a la consommation humaine de criquets sont discutes. Enfin, certains facteurs associes a leur consommation, tels des facteurs religieux, sociaux ou economiques, sont resumes du fait qu’ils peuvent influencer l’interet porte a ces insectes. Conclusions. Le succes de l’introduction des criquets comme aliment, dans des regions ou ils ne sont generalement pas consommes, depend de la capacite du consommateur a modifier son comportement alimentaire. C’est pourquoi, pour le moment, il est essentiel de (1) mettre en evidence les qualites nutritionnelles d’especes natives, (2) mettre au point des protocoles d’elevages et (3) developper des produits derives, afin qu’ils soient mieux acceptes par les consommateurs.

https://popups.uliege.be:443/1780-4507/index.php?id=16767&file=1&pid=12974

Grasshoppers as a food source? A review

Pollination ecology of Magnolia ovata may explain the overall large flower size of the genus

The life cycles of Phyllophaga ravida (Blanchard), P. macrocera Bates, P. vetula (Horn), P. ilhuicaminai Moron, and P. obsoleta (Blanchard) under laboratory conditions are described. The eggs were obtained from mated adults collected in various localities in the state of Puebla, Mexico. Larvae were placed in a breeding chamber with 26 ± 2 o C temperature and 70 ± 5 % humidity, in pots containing soil and slices of carrot roots. The life cycle for the five species is annual. Life table and adults flying times for each species are presented.

/pdf/ciclo-de-vida-y-conducta-de-adultos-de-cinco-especies-de-77uytxl48g.pdf

Ciclo de vida y conducta de adultos de cinco especies de Phyllophaga Harris, 1827 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae; Melolonthinae)

Third instars of white grubs of six species associated to agave tequilero in Jalisco, Mexico were described from 1,145 specimens collected from soil samples from September 2006 to August 2007, in the municipalities of Ixtlahuacan del Rio, Tepatitlan de Morelos and San Juan de Escobedo, Jalisco, Mexico. Diagnostic characters were illustrated and a key was also included. Cyclocephala comata (Bates) was the most abundant species (63.2%), followed by Phyllophaga ravida (Blanchard) (21.9%), Phyllophaga polyphylla (Bates) (9.4%), Phyllophaga misteca (Bates) (4.1%), Strategus aloeus (L.) (1.1%) and Anomala hoepfneri (Bates) (0.3%). Phyllophaga ravida and A. hoepfneri are reported for the first time on the agave plant and the latter is a new record for the State of Jalisco. All Melolonthidae species showed a marked seasonality with lower number of larvae in June 2007 and high number in August 2007, which is associated with the region's rainy season and the agave plant age, respectively.

[Description of Melolonthidae (Coleoptera) third instar larvae associated to Agave tequilana var. Azul and their population fluctuation in Jalisco, Mexico].

In Chiautla de Tapia, Puebla, samplings were carried out at two-week intervals in three cultivated lots with jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) from June to September in 2007. The collections were made by means of an entomologic aspirator in a manual way and with beating sheets. Stems, knots, inter-knots, leaves (front and back) and flowers were revised to make an entomofauna diagnosis. A total of 1,856 specimens were collected, of which, were determined 17 species, comprised in 6 orders, 11 families and 19 genera; while 5 morphospecies were not determined. The insects plague that were found causing serious damages to the crop were: Atta mexicana, Sphenarium purpurascens, Melanoplus spp. and Aphis gossypii, and amongst the beneficial insects are San Miguel’s fly, Allograpta sp. (pollinator), Hippodamia convergens and Polister apachus (depredatory species).

/pdf/entomofauna-asociada-al-cultivo-de-jamaica-hibiscus-285bcd8kar.pdf

Entomofauna asociada al cultivo de jamaica (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) en el municipio de chiautla de tapia, puebla

El amaranto es un cultivo de gran importancia para la asociacion de productores agricolas de los alrededores del Popocatepetl, Puebla; por su alto contenido de nutrientes y por la elaboracion de diferentes productos que enriquecen su alimentacion; pero las perdidas por danos que ocasionan los insectos plaga, hacen que los rendimientos no sean satisfactorios para los agricultores. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar taxonomicamente a los insectos asociados al cultivo de amaranto y describir el rol de cada una de las especies en el agrosistema. Para la captura de insectos, durante el ciclo agricola 2008 se realizaron muestreos en tres parcelas donde se efectuaron colectas con aspirador, red y de forma manual, revisando tallos, nudos, entre nudos, hojas (haz y enves), panoja y raiz. Los organismos colectados en etapa larval fueron conservados en alcohol al 70%, mientras que los adultos fueron montados en alfileres entomologicos; todo el material fue identificado y depositado en la coleccion entomologica del Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla (BUAP). Se obtuvo un total de 1 883 morfoespecies de las cuales se identificaron 20 generos y 18 especies que fueron las mas abundantes durante el ciclo agricola; ocho especies fueron las causantes de los danos que presenta el cultivo: Sphenarium purpurascens, Epicauta cinerea, Spodoptera exigua, Pholisora catullus, Ligys lineolaris, Herpetogramma bipunctalis, Amauromyza abnormalis y Phyllophaga ilhuicaminai.

/pdf/estudio-entomofaunistico-del-cultivo-de-amaranto-amaranthus-2uprzw1uau.pdf

Agustín Aragón García

Papers

Ciclo de vida y conducta de adultos de cinco especies de Phyllophaga Harris, 1827 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae; Melolonthinae)

[Description of Melolonthidae (Coleoptera) third instar larvae associated to Agave tequilana var. Azul and their population fluctuation in Jalisco, Mexico].

Entomofauna asociada al cultivo de jamaica (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) en el municipio de chiautla de tapia, puebla

ESTUDIO ENTOMOFAUNÍSTICO DEL CULTIVO DE AMARANTO (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) EN PUEBLA, MÉXICO

Los coleópteros Melolonthidae asociados a la rizosfera de la caña de azucar en Chietla, Puebla, México