Review on recent developments on pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment

This chapter surveys the role of the IEA as a key component of the international energy security system. First, it gives an overview of the nature of the energy security challenges and the key governance regimes that have been set up historically to manage these challenges, including the IEA. Then, it elaborates on the specific roles taken up by the IEA in global energy governance, particularly in light of the dramatic changes that characterize the global energy security system. Finally, it gives a comparative overview of the three oil market interventions that the IEA has so far coordinated, before presenting the conclusions.

The international energy agency

Biological valorization of low molecular weight lignin

Chemical composition and pulping of date palm rachis and Posidonia oceanica--a comparison with other wood and non-wood fibre sources.

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are of increasing interest due to their appealing inherent properties such as bio-degradability, high surface area, light weight, chirality and the ability to form effective hydrogen bonds across the cellulose chains or within other polymeric matrices. Extending CN self-assembly into multiphase polymer structures has led to useful end-results in a wide spectrum of products and countless innovative applications, for example, as reinforcing agent, emulsion stabilizer, barrier membrane and binder. In the current contribution, after a brief description of salient nanocellulose chemical structure features, its types and production methods, we move to recent advances in CN utilization as an ecofriendly binder in several disparate areas, namely formaldehyde-free hybrid composites and wood-based panels, papermaking/coating processes, and energy storage devices, as well as their potential applications in biomedical fields as a cost-effective and tissue-friendly binder for cartilage regeneration, wound healing and dental repair. The prospects of a wide range of hybrid materials that may be produced via nanocellulose is introduced in light of the unique behavior of cellulose once in nano dimensions. Furthermore, we implement some principles of colloidal and interfacial science to discuss the critical role of cellulose binding in the aforesaid fields. Even though the CN facets covered in this study by no means encompass the great amount of literature available, they may be regarded as the basis for future developments in the binder applications of these highly desirable materials.

/pdf/cellulose-nanomaterials-binding-properties-and-applications-4bv247d94f.pdf

Cellulose Nanomaterials—Binding Properties and Applications: A Review

Alkaline sulfite–anthraquinone (as/aq) pulping of wheat straw and totally chlorine free (tcf) bleaching of pulps

Canola straw chemimechanical pulping for pulp and paper production.

Severe shortage of suitable wood for Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) production makes it necessary to consider using uncommon and non-conventional raw materials such as agricultural residues. In order to demonstrate the suitability and the potential of two agricultural residues (cotton and corn stalks), laboratory MDF boards were produced. Three press temperatures (170, 180 and 190 oC) were used. Test samples were prepared from the boards after conditioning at 65% RH and 21 oC, and all tests were performed according to relevant EN standard methods. The results indicated that the MOR and MOE of boards produced from corn stalks were higher than those from cotton stalks, by almost 25%. However significant difference was not observed for internal bonds of boards. Thickness swelling of MDF boards from corn stalks was lower than cotton stalks. Comparing the results obtained with the strength of boards produced from hardwoods showed similarity between corn stalks and wood, but the strength of MDF boards from cotton stalks was lower. However, the results almost satisfied the EN 622-5;1997 requirement.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_06_2_1147_Kargarfard_J_Perform_Corn_Cotton_Stalk_MDF/892

The performance of corn and cotton stalks for medium density fiberboard production

The effect of thermal-treatment severity of wood on the mechanical and morphological properties of wood plastic composites (WPCs) was investigated. Wood chips were first heat treated at 120, 150, or 180 oC for 30 or 120 min under saturated steam in a digester. The composites were composed of thermally treated and untreated wood flour, polypropylene, and a coupling agent, produced by melt compounding and then injection molding. The thermal-treatment of the beech wood improved some mechanical properties of the WPCs, depending on the treatment-time and temperature. The SEM micrographs of the composites showed that the outer surface of the wood fiber was coated by a section of amorphous lignin. The SEM images showed that the WPCs produced from the wood treated at 150 oC for 30 min had considerably fewer holes and many broken fiber ends embedded in the polymer matrix, indicating better compatibility between the wood flour and the polymer matrix. Based on the results of the mechanical testing of the WPCs, the optimum thermal-treatment for WPC production was 150 °C for 30 min.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_11_1_1494_Arwinfar_Mechanical_Properties_Morphology_Wood_Plastic_Composites/4117

Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Wood Plastic Composites Produced with Thermally Treated Beech Wood

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) heartwood extractives were identified and their potential for protection of poplar wood was evaluated. Test specimens were prepared from poplar wood (Populus nigra L.) to meet BS 838:1961 requirements. Samples were impregnated with heartwood extractive solution (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5% w/w in ethanol-toluene), followed by 5 hours vacuum desiccator technique to reach complete saturation. Impregnated specimens were exposed to white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) for 14 weeks according to BS 838:1961 applying the kolle-flask method. The weight loss of samples was determined after exposure to white-rot fungus. The highest weight loss (36.96%) was observed for untreated control samples and the lowest weight loss (30.40%) was measured in samples treated with 1.5% extractives solution. The analyses of the extracts using GC/MS indicated that major constituents are benzoic acid,3,4,5-tri(hydroxyl) and gallic acid (44.57 %). The two toxic components in the heartwood are juglone (5.15 %) and 2,7-dimethylphenantheren (5.81 %).

https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/BioRes_06_1_0059_HosseiniHashemi_J_Eval_ID_Walnut_Heartwd_Extract_Poplar_1222.pdf

Ahmad Jahan Latibari

Papers

Alkaline sulfite–anthraquinone (as/aq) pulping of wheat straw and totally chlorine free (tcf) bleaching of pulps

Canola straw chemimechanical pulping for pulp and paper production.

The performance of corn and cotton stalks for medium density fiberboard production

Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Wood Plastic Composites Produced with Thermally Treated Beech Wood

Evaluation and identification of walnut heartwood extractives for protection of poplar wood