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Using Multivariate Statistics

Co3O4, which is of mixed valences Co2+ and Co3+, has been extensively investigated as an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The proper control of Co2+/Co3+ ratio in Co3O4 could lead to modifications on its electronic and thus catalytic properties. Herein, we designed an efficient Co3O4-based OER electrocatalyst by a plasma-engraving strategy, which not only produced higher surface area, but also generated oxygen vacancies on Co3O4 surface with more Co2+ formed. The increased surface area ensures the Co3O4 has more sites for OER, and generated oxygen vacancies on Co3O4 surface improve the electronic conductivity and create more active defects for OER. Compared to pristine Co3O4, the engraved Co3O4 exhibits a much higher current density and a lower onset potential. The specific activity of the plasma-engraved Co3O4 nanosheets (0.055 mA cm−2BET at 1.6 V) is 10 times higher than that of pristine Co3O4, which is contributed by the surface oxygen vacancies.

Plasma-Engraved Co3 O4 Nanosheets with Oxygen Vacancies and High Surface Area for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications

Pathologic Basis of Diseaseby Stanley L. Robbins is really the fourth edition of hisPathology. Appropriate updating and addition enhance the otherwise identical format, sequence, writing, and illustrations. So many medical students have benefited from this source that it may be the best known general book in the field. I recommend it even more now. Like his former texts, this will be enjoyed for its readability. He clearly lays out a great deal of information. When he includes minutiae, the reasons are clear and one feels that all the material is pertinent. Robbins keeps the whole field in perspective—that is, he does not dwell so long or so heavily on pathologic anatomy or pathogenesis as to tempt the reader to overlook clinical presentation or prognosis. A great strength of the subject of pathology is that it bonds strongly with many other medical sciences and specialties and thus occupies the

Pathologic Basis of Disease

Wound healing is one of the most complex processes in the human body. It involves the spatial and temporal synchronization of a variety of cell types with distinct roles in the phases of hemostasis...

Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective.

Post-traumatic chronic osteomyelitis and infected non-unions of the tibia following severe type-III open fracture are difficult to treat Refractoy cases often necessitate amputation despite attempts to salvage the limb. We report our experience in treating such difficult cases with an alternative surgical option using free osteocutaneous fibular graft. Eight consecutive patients with post-traumatic chronic osteomyelitis/infected non-union were treated surgically with free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft. Outcomes in term of graft-host union and complication were evaluated. Four patients had anastomotic venous thrombosis requiring anastomotic revision. Five patients developed surgical site infections needing extended antibiotic therapy to achieve resolution at an average of 15.2 weeks. Fibular graft fracture occurred in three patients but all grafts survived and united after a mean time to union of 42.3 weeks (range 31 to 82 weeks). At the final follow-up, union of host-graft junction and control of infection were achieved in all patients except one who required a secondary amputation. Free vascularized osteo-cutaneous fibular graft is a viable limb salvage option for refractory chronic osteomyelitis or infected non-union following treatment of grade-III open tibial fractures.

Recalcitrant post-traumatic chronic osteomyelitis/infected non-union of the tibia following open grade-ill fractures: treatment with vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft.

Thirteen patients had skeletal reconstruction using vascularised fibula graft following resection of the diseased bone. Eleven patients had reconstruction of the lower limbs and two patients of the upper limbs. Clinical and radiographical evidence union were achieved with the average time of 32 weeks (earliest eight weeks). Six out of 11 patients (54%) in lower limb reconstruction started weight bearing at the average of 27 weeks. Bony union in this study is comparable with other studies using vascularised fibula graft.

Skeletal union following long bone reconstruction using vascularised fibula graft.

Burn wound dressing represents an important aspect of burn care. The various inherent features of amniotic membrane proved to be useful as it contributes towards the attributes of an ideal dressing. This biological dressing is inexpensive, able to enhance re-epithelialization, readily available and stored, hence rendering it suitable for a wide range of burn wound treatment. The different preparations of amniotic membrane provide additional benefit whereby clinicians can have a range of product to choose from. Pain relief, good wound adherence and conformability further increase the importance of amnion as burn wound dressing. The versatility and efficacy of the amnion makes it an attractive option despite of the enormous range commercially available wound management products in the market. This chapter presents a review of the various aspects of amniotic membrane for burn wound treatment.

/pdf/amniotic-membrane-in-the-treatment-of-burns-1l272jh967.pdf

Amniotic Membrane in the Treatment of Burns

Stem cells have been widely used for treating disease due to the various benefits they offer in the curing process. Several treatments using stem cells have undergone clinical trials, such as cell-based therapies for heart disease, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, etc. Adipose-derived stem cells are some of the many mesenchymal stem cells that exist in our body that can be harvested from the abdomen, thighs, etc. Adipose tissue is easy to harvest, and its stem cells can be obtained in higher volumes compared to stem cells harvested from bone marrow, for which a more invasive technique is required with a smaller volume obtained. Many scientists have expressed interest in investigating the role of adipose-derived stem cells in treating disease since their use was first described. This is due to these stem cells’ ability to differentiate into multiple lineages and secrete a variety of growth factors and proteins. Previous studies have found that the hormones, cytokines, and growth factors contained in adipose tissue play major roles in the metabolic regulation of adipose tissue, as well as in energy balance and whole-body homeostasis through their endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine functions. These are thought to be important contributors to the process of tissue repair and regeneration. However, it remains unclear how effective and safe ADSCs are in treating diseases. The research that has been carried out to date is in order to investigate the impact of ADSCs in disease treatment, as described in this review, to highlight its “trick or treat” effect in medical treatment.

Adipose-Derived Stem Cell: "Treat or Trick".

Skin hyperpigmentation involves a broad range of skin conditions, including epidermal pigmented lesions, dermal pigmented lesions, and mixed pigmented lesions. Treatment includes various modalities such as brightening cream, chemical peeling, and laser therapy. Responses to various treatment modalities can be quite varied depending on the type of treatment and the degree of pigmentation. Sometimes a lesion can lighten or even partially disappear, while other lesions may recur. This paper provides a brief overview of treatment modalities available for hyperpigmented skin lesions including the importance of photoprotection, various types of brightening creams, suitable types of chemical peels, specific laser therapies targeted for skin hyperpigmentation, and surgery.

/pdf/treatment-modalities-for-hyperpigmented-skin-lesions-a-brief-n5hq550zqw.pdf

Ahmad Sukari Halim

Papers

Recalcitrant post-traumatic chronic osteomyelitis/infected non-union of the tibia following open grade-ill fractures: treatment with vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft.

Skeletal union following long bone reconstruction using vascularised fibula graft.

Amniotic Membrane in the Treatment of Burns

Adipose-Derived Stem Cell: "Treat or Trick".

Treatment modalities for hyperpigmented skin lesions: A brief overview