Although the past decade has seen dramatic changes in home care delivery, the next 10 years will bring profound societal and economic change that will alter the way all companies do business. Quantum leaps in information technology will usher in a new period of history--the networked era.

The impact of information technology.

This study aims to explore the factors influencing the post-pandemic intentions of Chinese residents to participate in outbound travel. The mechanism by which residents' perception of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) influenced their outbound travel intentions are studied.,This study developed an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model and used structural equations to analyze data received from 432 questionnaires. Responses were obtained through a combination of online surveys and a traditional paper-based distribution of questionnaires.,Results showed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and past outbound travel behavior have significant positive effects on post-pandemic outbound travel intentions. Although the perception of COVID-19 directly and negatively influences outbound travel intentions, it also has an indirect influence on outbound travel intentions through the mediating effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions. The authors also found that risk tolerance has a negative moderating effect on the direct impact of residents' perception of COVID-19 on their travel intentions.,The findings can serve as a reference for formulating appropriate tourism development policies by government agencies, tourism management departments and tourism enterprises in destination countries.,This study developed an extended TPB model by adding more constructs into the TPB model. Compared with the original TPB model, the extended TPB model has better explanatory power of post-pandemic travel intentions. The study also provides evidence for the applicability of the TPB model in studying travel intentions within the context of major public health emergencies and has expanded the application scope of the TPB model.,新冠肺炎疫情后中国居民出境旅游意愿的影响因素研究······································——基于疫情感知的扩展TPB模型,摘要,本研究致力于探索新冠肺炎疫情后（以下简称“疫情”）中国居民出境旅游意愿的影响因素, 以及疫情感知对出境旅游意愿的作用机制。,本文以TPB理论为基础, 通过构建扩展TPB模型, 并利用结构方程对432份问卷进行数据分析。问卷通过网络发放与传统纸质问卷调研相结合的方式获得。,态度、主观规范、感知行为控制及过去出境旅游行为对中国居民疫情后出境旅游意愿具有显著正向影响; 疫情感知在直接负向影响出境旅游意愿的同时, 还通过非药物干预行为的中介作用间接影响出境旅游意愿; 在疫情感知对出境旅游意愿的直接影响中, 风险容忍度起着负向调节作用。,研究结果对旅游目的地政府、旅游管理部门及旅游企业制定相应旅游发展政策具有一定前瞻性参考价值。,本文通过在原始TPB模型的基础上加入更多变量, 进而构建了扩展TPB模型。与原始模型相比, 扩展TPB模型对疫情蔓延背景下中国居民疫情后出境旅游意愿有着更好的解释力和预测力。本文证实了在突发重大公共卫生事件背景下TPB模型对于研究旅游意愿的适用性, 扩展了TPB模型的应用范围。,Investigacion sobre los factores que influyen en la voluntad de viajar al extranjero de los residentes chinos despues de la nueva epidemia de neumonia coronaria: un modelo extendido de TPB basado en la percepcion de la epidemia,Resumen,Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar los factores que influyen en las intenciones posteriores a la pandemia de los residentes chinos de participar en viajes al extranjero. Se estudia el mecanismo por el cual la percepcion de los residentes sobre la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) influyo en sus intenciones de viajar al extranjero.,Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar los factores que influyen en la intencion de viaje de salida de los residentes chinos despues de la pandemia, en particular el mecanismo por el cual la percepcion de los residentes de COVID-19 influyo en sus intenciones de viaje de salida.,Los resultados mostraron que la actitud, las normas subjetivas, el control conductual percibido y el comportamiento de viajes de ida y vuelta en el pasado tienen efectos positivos significativos sobre la intencion de viajar de ida despues de la pandemia. Si bien la percepcion de COVID-19 influye directamente de forma negativa en la intencion de viaje de ida, tambien influye indirectamente en la intencion de viaje de ida a traves del efecto mediador de las intervenciones no farmaceuticas. Tambien encontramos que la tolerancia al riesgo tiene un efecto moderador negativo sobre el impacto directo de la percepcion de los residentes sobre el COVID-19 en la intencion de viaje.,Nuestros hallazgos se pueden utilizar como referencia para las agencias gubernamentales, los departamentos de gestion del turismo y las empresas turisticas en los paises de destino en la formulacion de politicas de desarrollo turistico adecuadas.,Este estudio desarrollo un modelo TPB extendido agregando mas constructos en el modelo TPB. En comparacion con el modelo TPB original, el modelo TPB extendido tiene un mejor poder explicativo de las intenciones de viaje posteriores a una pandemia en el contexto de una pandemia. Este estudio tambien proporciono evidencia de la aplicabilidad del modelo TPB para estudiar las intenciones de viaje en el contexto de las principales emergencias de salud publica y amplio el ambito de aplicacion del modelo TPB.

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Factors influencing Chinese residents' post-pandemic outbound travel intentions: an extended theory of planned behavior model based on the perception of COVID-19

Predicting determinants of hotel success and development using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)-ANFIS method

In Italy's election campaign, opposition parties have pledged research reform — but nothing will change until agency chiefs start playing by the rules.

Going by the book.

Psychology and Health Promotion

The aim of this study is to examine the extended model of Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting tourists' intention in seeking medical tourism in Malaysia. The additional variables in this model are perceived risks, perceived benefits and resource availability whereby it is predicted to have influences to the model of Theory of Planned Behaviour. Sample is drawn using a quota sampling technique. A total of 380 completed questionnaires are collected. The partial least square approach is employed so as to conduct a comprehensive and vigorous structural equation modelling analysis. The results show that perceived benefits and perceived costs are significantly related to attitude; resource availability is significantly related to perceived behavioural control; and attitude and subjective norm are significantly related to intention for medical tourism in Malaysia; however, the perceived behavioural control is found to be insignificant to intention. Attitude and subjective norm are also significantly related to intention for medical tourism in Malaysia. However, the perceived behavioural control is found to be not insignificant related to intention. The findings of this study can serve as the blueprint for future research in the similar area with reasonable modification on the model construction in order to enhance and improve the theoretical extension model of Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Intention to visit Malaysia for medical tourism using the antecedents of Theory of Planned Behaviour: A predictive model

Investigating nonusers’ behavioural intention towards solar photovoltaic technology in Malaysia: The role of knowledge transmission and price value

Few studies have adopted social psychology theories to understand the medical tourism decision-making process. The purpose of this study is to fill the said gap by suggesting the adoption of two social cognition models: the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and protection motivation theory (PMT), to predict medical tourism behavioural intention, as well as compare their predictive power by integrating TBP and PMT in a single model.,A quantitative method has been adopted. There were 265 international tourists from various regions who visited Malaysia (one of the main medical tourism players in Asia), who were asked to complete the survey questionnaire. Data was analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique.,The results of this study provided support and validated the well-developed research models of TPB and PMT. Although PMT appears to be a more concrete and specific framework, the TPB model results have a slight advantage. TPB results emphasised the important roles of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control in developing behavioural intentions, and thus directly linked to the development of pull marketing strategies. PMT results emphasised the important roles of perceived threats and coping appraisal of health care in developing push strategies for medical tourism.,The research illustrates the need for rigorous examination of the ability of behavioural theories. The findings can aid in scrutinising their shortcomings and their readiness to modify, integrate and enhance in a more constructive manner when they address the health-education interventions, especially in a medical tourism context.,很少有研究采用社会心理学理论来理解医疗旅游的决策过程。这项研究的目的是通过建议采用两种社会认知模型（计划行为理论（TPB）和保护动机理论（PMT））来填补上述空白。通过将TBP和PMT集成到一个模型中, 预测医疗旅游行为意愿并比较其预测能力。,采用定量方法。样本包括265名访问了马来西亚（亚洲主要的医疗旅游公司之一）的国际游客, 他们被邀请填写调查问卷。研究使用偏最小二乘结构方程建模技术分析数据。,这项研究的结果支持并验证了TPB和PMT完善的研究模型。尽管PMT似乎是一个更具体的框架, 但TPB模型结果却有一点优势。TPB模型的结果强调了态度, 主观规范和感知的行为控制在形成行为意愿中的重要作用, 因此直接与拉动式营销策略的发展相关。 PMT结果强调了感知到的威胁和对医疗保健的应对评估在制定医疗旅游推动策略中的重要作用。,该研究阐述了严格检验行为理论能力的必要性。当研究结果针对健康教育干预措施时, 尤其是在医疗旅游领域, 这些发现可以帮助审查它们的缺点以及它们是否准备好以更具建设性的方式进行修改, 整合和改善。,医疗旅游, 游客的行为意愿, 保护动机理论, 计划行为理论, 模型比较, 马来西亚,研究论文,Pocos estudios han adoptado teorias de psicologia social para comprender el proceso de toma de decisiones de turismo medico. El objetivo de esta investigacion es llenar dicho vacio sugiriendo la adopcion de dos modelos de cognicion social: la teoria del comportamiento planificado (TPB) y la teoria de la motivacion de proteccion (PMT), para predecir la intencion conductual del turismo medico y comparar su poder predictivo integrando TBP y PMT en un solo modelo.,se ha adoptado un metodo cuantitativo. Hubo 265 turistas internacionales de diversas regiones que visitaron Malasia (uno de los principales actores del turismo medico en Asia) a quienes se les pidio que completaran el cuestionario de la encuesta. Los datos se analizaron utilizando la tecnica de modelado de ecuaciones estructurales de minimos cuadrados parciales.,Los resultados de este estudio brindaron apoyo y validaron los modelos de investigacion bien desarrollados de TPB y PMT. Aunque PMT parece ser un marco mas concreto y especifico, los resultados del modelo TPB tienen una ligera ventaja. Los resultados del TPB enfatizaron los roles importantes de las actitudes, las normas subjetivas y el control conductual percibido en el desarrollo de las intenciones conductuales y, por lo tanto, directamente vinculados con el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing pull. Los resultados de PMT enfatizaron los roles importantes de las amenazas percibidas y la evaluacion de la atencion medica en el desarrollo de estrategias de empuje para el turismo medico.,La investigacion ilustra la necesidad de un examen riguroso de la capacidad de las teorias conductuales. Los hallazgos pueden ayudar a analizar sus deficiencias y su disposicion a modificar, integrar y mejorar de una manera mas constructiva cuando abordan las intervenciones de educacion sanitaria, especialmente en un contexto de turismo medico.

Predicting medical tourism behavioural intention using social cognition models

Medical tourism has grown to become a formidable multinational industry to generate revenue. This phenomenon has also increased impact on the healthcare sector as well as strategies development opportunities. The present study emphases on the international tourists' behavioural intention for medical tourism in Malaysia. A research framework is derived from the exceptional component of fear appeal in protection motivation theory (PMT).,Data were collected with a sample of 501 respondents and analysed via structural equation modelling approach. Both measurement model and structural model were assessed to generate the result.,The outcomes have shown a good backing on the use of adapted PMT theoretical model. There is a higher predictive power on health coping than health threats. Coping alternatives can be served as the linkage between the PMT appraisals and behavioural intention.,The study confirmed the effectiveness of using a theoretical framework in predicting international tourists' behavioural intention for medical tourism. It is suggesting that risk adaptive behaviour does offer a valuable proposition in contributing to the reception of medical tourism.,The present study argues the need for greater clarity in understanding the emergent implications for health policy and healthcare delivery for future medical tourism development.,The fundamental theories and current literature do not incorporate the component of fear appeal in explaining decision making. The study findings demonstrate that protection motivation theory has provide another promising theoretical model in explaining international tourists' behaviour intention for medical tourism.

Can protection motivation theory explain the perception of international tourists' on medical tourism?

This paper aims to examine the constructs that contribute to the business performance of small and medium enterprises in the tourism industry (TSMEs). Data from 278 TSMEs’ business owners were coll...

Small and medium-size enterprises’ business performance in tourism industry: the mediating role of innovative practice and moderating role of government support

Ai Na Seow

Papers

Intention to visit Malaysia for medical tourism using the antecedents of Theory of Planned Behaviour: A predictive model

Investigating nonusers’ behavioural intention towards solar photovoltaic technology in Malaysia: The role of knowledge transmission and price value

Predicting medical tourism behavioural intention using social cognition models

Can protection motivation theory explain the perception of international tourists' on medical tourism?

Small and medium-size enterprises’ business performance in tourism industry: the mediating role of innovative practice and moderating role of government support